The Life Poems of Langston Hughes Essay - 775 Words

During a time in American History were African Americans had no rights of freedom of speech or even a right to vote. Growing up in many different cities and living with many relatives, Langston Hughes experienced poverty. Langston Hughes used poetry to speak to the people. Langston Hughes is a pioneer of African American literature and the Harlem renaissance error. Mr. Hughes dedicated his poems to the struggles, pride, dreams, and racial injustices of African American people. Langston Hughes was born James Langston Hughes, February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Langston Hughes, named after his grandfather James Mercer Langston, was the first African American elected to public office in 1855. Langston Hughes, mother and father soon†¦show more content†¦Langston Hughes left school after a year and started supporting himself and his mother with lowly jobs. In 1923, Mr. Hughes grabbed a job as a cabin boy with a freight company out of West Africa, which allowed him to travel to different countries. During his travels, Mr. Hughes was able to focus more on what he wanted to write. In addition, he was able to decide on his writing style. Langston Hughes was one of the first African Americans to earn a living entirely by writing. In 1924, Langston Hughes returned to Washington D.C. with expectations of going back to college. With all the racial tension in society at that time made it hard for him to find work. Langston Hughes struggled with the segregation and racial injustices in American. Langston Hughes wrote the book â€Å"The Weary Blues,† which expressed his disappointments and hard times in American, this book also won first prize in National Urban League magazine. Langston Hughes wanted to find a way to integrate black culture into his writing style. During his down time, Langston Hughes listened and remembered the great jazz and blues music in Harlem. Jazz, rhythm, blues, and racism inspired Langston Hughes writing style. Hughes stranded in Genoa, Italy and trying to catch several rides back to the U.S., Hughes was upset when he watched the white men easily get rides. Hughes furious over the injustice that was going on right in front of him, wrote the poem â€Å"I’Show MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreA Prize For Poetry, International Ibsen Award You Named. Langston Hughes1058 Words   |  5 Pagesyou named. Langston Hughes is a great poet, his poems are truly inspirational, persuasive. It s almost like he was talking directly to the reader. To begin with, have you ever wondered what impact Langston Hughes poems had on people lives. Well if so then you on the right place. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were Caroline Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes. Langston parents divorced when he was a kid, Langston was raisedRead MoreRacism and Langston Hughes658 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes was a great African American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist (â€Å"The Biography of Langston Hughes†). As a child, he grew up in the times of racial inequality. As a result, his poems often shared the recurring theme of hope, breaking free from racial inequality, and to strive for a better future. This theme was very evident in the poems â€Å"Dreams† and â€Å"I Dream a World†, by Langston Hughes. This common theme is a result of the era Hughes grew up in. James LangstonRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesartists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works were incredibly well known. It was during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance in which Langston Hughes produced poetry which was not just musically and artistically sound, but also captured the essence of the blues. Thus giving life to a new version of poetry that illustrated the African American struggle between society and oneself. Langston Hughes was one of theRead MoreLangston Hughes Biography1058 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"James Mercer Langston Hughes, known as Langston Hughes was born February 2, 1902 in Missouri, to Carrie Hughes and James Hughes.† Years later his parents separated. Langston’s father moved to Mexico and became very successful, as his for mother, she moved frequently to find better jobs. As a child growing up Langston spent most of his childhood living with his grandmother named Mary Langston in Lawrence, Kansas. Mary Langston was a learned women and a participant in the civil rights Movement. WhenRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreDreams in Langston Hughes Poems1401 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they hadRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry649 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes, the most memorable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, wrote everything from plays, short stories, novels, and most importantly poetry. Hughes’ writing is based on his personal views on frustration that he had towards the plight of African Americans. Langston has no fear with anything he is involved in and stood up for his people. Unfortunately, his people responded negatively towards his actions, for they thought he was creating more racial tensions. Nevertheless, this was not Hughes’Read MoreLangston Hughes E ssay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one of

The Issue Of Age Discrimination - 1904 Words

WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 6 INTRODUCTION From time in history, debate over what age one should be employed and at what age one should retire from working has always been divisive to say the least. Consequently, the debate of how employers should treat applicants and employee already on duty has sparked a debate from West to East, and North to South of the globe. Legislation is enacted to enforce equality and non-discrimination of older people in employment. Consciously, the globe is going through a massive revolution in the employment industry that is reducing the power of the employer to accepting the principle of popular legislation around the world in favor of non-discrimination in employment. That being said, I have critically analyze the subject of discrimination of age in employment, assembling different legislation from countries, and observing how this legislation work to accomplished their goal. Finally, this research work is dedicated to every employee all over the world incl uding those who have been unjustly removed from their employment through discrimination. †¢ Consider the topic of age discrimination. Age is an avenue which many organizations and other corporate body considers critically when accepting application, whether for a senior managerial position or a lower position to fill. Statistically, groups that are marginalized have claimed that age is in number and that age should not be a subject of consideration whenShow MoreRelatedHr Issues Of Age Discrimination And Sexual Harassment1528 Words   |  7 PagesHR Issues of Age Discrimination and Sexual Harassment The Human Resource Department is an important branch of a company. The human resources department takes care of many essential functions of a business. According to the article, â€Å"Key Functions of an HR Department†, the human resource department is instrumental in providing labor law compliance, record keeping, hiring and training, compensation, relational assistance and help with handling specific performance issues (Mooney, L., 2011).Read MoreEssay about The Issue of Age Discrimination in America863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Issue of Age Discrimination in America The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) protects against age discrimination under Title VII. Specifically, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), which was passed in 1967 by congress, covers discrimination against employees who are 40 or more years old. This topic should be a big concern for employers, since the number of elderly workers is increasing as the baby boomer population matures. It is estimated that as many as twenty-percentRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Can Wear Many Faces In The Workplace.1703 Words   |  7 PagesEmployment discrimination can wear many faces in the workplace. Three common workplace discriminations are in the categories of age, weight, and sexual orientation. Only age discrimination has a specific law named after it. The law is called the Age Discrimination Act (ADA). Weight discrimination is linked with the Americans with Disabilities Act in order to be enforced. Sexual orientation (Gender identity) is linked with the Civil Rig hts Act of 1964. There is a new regulation called the LGBT employmentRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagesfeatures they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. T his tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age, religion, marital status, national origin, disabilityRead MoreAgeism Is Prevalent At Every Stage Of A Person s Career1220 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisement, but also during the hiring process, among current employees, and even issues during the end of a person’s career. While there are many types of discrimination in the workplace, all of which are illegal, ageism is prevalent at every stage of a person’s career and can impact not only the employee or potential employee, but the whole company as wellcompany as a whole. Individuals who are over the age of sixty-five make up a large percent of the workforce, and many are dedicated to theirRead MoreAgeism In Australia1308 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent issue affecting Australians and Australian businesses is Ageism in the workforce. Although this issue has been around for decades, it has become more prevalent than ever. Many employers aren’t considering hiring younger workers due to minimal experience, but they are also not hiring the elderly for age related reasons. With the retiring age rising, it has become difficult for older people looking for work to find jobs. The elderly struggle to find work due to age discrimination, yet areRead MoreAge Discrimination Suits And The Age Of The Workforce Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesAge discrimination suits will continue to increase due to the age of the workforce in today’s society. Many workers are over the age of 40 and should experience age discrimination in a number of ways such as: getting fired for costing the company too much money, being too old to draw in new customers, or not even being considered for a position due to his/ her age. â€Å"In 2011, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reported 23,465 charges of age discrimination, a significance increaseRead More The Different Types of Discrimination Essays999 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination Religion, national origin, race, and social status are the suspect classifications of discrimination, but are these the only categories that should not be discriminated against? People today are searching for equal rights and opportunities. No one should be suffering from any type of discrimination, but they are. Discrimination is an unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice, therefore sex, disability, and age should be included in the suspect classifications of discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination : Discrimination Is The Treatment Of A Person Or Group Of People Differently?1160 Words   |  5 Pageslives different experiences at the workplace. Discrimination is one of the biggest issues most employees unfortunately have to deal with. But what is discrimination? Discrimination is the treatment of a person or group of people differently. Most of the times this treatment is worse than the other people are usually treated. There are different types of discrimination, but the one I will be discussing is employment discrimination. Employment discrimination is when an employee is mistreated by an employer

To Build a Fire Significance of the Words Dying Essay Example For Students

To Build a Fire Significance of the Words Dying Essay and Death The significance of the words dying and death in Jack Londons 1910 novel, To Build a Fire continuously expresses the mans dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet the boys at camp. London associates dying with the mans diminishing ability to stay warm in the frigid Alaskan climate. The main characters predicament slowly worsens one level at a time finally resulting in death. The narrator informs the reader the man lacks personal experience travelling in the Yukon terrain. The old-timer warned the man about the harsh realities of the Klondike. The confident main character thinks of the old-timer at Sulphur Creek as womanish. Along the trail, the man falls into a hidden spring and attempts to build a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet quickly growing numb, he realizes he has only one chance to successfully build a fire or face the harsh realities of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees below freezing. Falling snow from a tree blots out the fire and the character realizes he had just heard his own sentence of death. Jack London introduces death to the reader in this scene. The man realizes a second fire must be built without fail. The mans mind begins to run wild with thoughts of insecurity and death when the second fire fails. He recollects the story of a man who kills a steer to stay warm and envisions himself killing his dog and crawling into the carcass to warm up so he can build a fire to save himself. London writes, a certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him. As the man slowly freezes, he realizes he is in serious trouble and can no longer make excuses for himself. Acknowledging he would never get to the camp and would soon be stiff and dead, he tries to clear this morbid thought from his mind by running down the trail in a last ditch effort to pump blood through his extremities. The climax of the story describes the man picturing his body completely frozen on the trail. He falls into the snow thinking, he is bound to freeze anyway and freezing was not as bad as people thought. There were a lot worse ways to die. The man drowsed off into the most comfortable and satisfying sleep he had ever known. The dog looked on creeping closer, filling his nostrils with the scent of death. Londons portrayal of the man does not initially give the reader the theme of dying, but slowly develops the theme as the story develops. The story doesnt mention death until the last several pages. The main character changes from an enthusiastic pioneer to a sad and desperate man. The conclusion of the story portrays the man accepting his fate and understands the old-timer at Sulphur Creek had been right; no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below. Typically, short stories written in the early 1900s often conclude the story with a death or tragedy. Londons story is no exception. This story follows the pattern by illustrating events leading up to and including death. Thesis Statement- The significance of the words dying and death in Jack Londons 1910 novel, To Build a Fire continuously expresses the mans dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet the boys at camp. .

Kent Kite Club Essays - Indian Films, Mohandas, Derrick,

Kent Kite Club YES, HERE IN TUNBRIDGE WELLS weve got it all, the infamous Mineral Spa often frequented by royalty, a theatre and the world-renowned Pantiles, an elegant shopping area, laid out way back in 1638. Plus many organisations and charities including the English Basket-weavers Association, Welsh Bagpipe Players Worldwide, and of course, the Kent Kite Club. Please see me after the tour if you would like a free guide to local clubs and events. The tour guide gave a sickly, toothy grin, then led the rest of the hot and tired tourists off to another interesting part of the city. Mr. Mohandas Rashid, a tall dark Indian with a furry moustache, took a long breath as his eyes scanned the area for a snack bar, no such luck. He glanced at his watch. Damn! It was five to six! He had five minutes to get from the town centre to Derricks house, carrying his heavy suitcase, packed full with clothes and memories of times gone by. The journey was going to take at least twenty minutes! Derrick and Mohandas had been close friends since pre-school, and theyd been neighbours on an estate in Hemel Hempstead, but they hadnt seen each other since University. Mr. Rashid paused as he thought over the contents of the case, and wondered what it would be like to see his old chum; would they still have the same things in common? Would Derrick not like his suit? It would be all right, even if they didnt get on; it was only going to be for a few days. Mohandas wondered whether he should have brought his old kite, Derrick might think it was a bit childish, then again Derrick said on the phone to bring it, but Mohandas thought he might have been joking Stop worrying! Mohandas told himself, as he reached for the suitcase and headed for Redneck Drive. After an exhausting trek through the dirty streets of the sub-orderly town, Mohandas came across a brand new sign with the simple REDNECK DRIVE in bold black letters looking down on him from the side of the last house in the road. I guess this must be it. Mohandas said to himself as he reached inside the top-left pocket of his bleach-white, iron-pressed shirt for the letter stating his friends address. Canterville Chase, Redneck Drive, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Mohandas glimpsed up the road. He could see a few outside lights on and a few shocked cats running off at the approach of a stranger. Mohandas looked at the houses, relatively new, quite upmarket, with brand new Toyotas decorating each plot. At the end of the cul-de-sac was a church hall, with notices concerning local trivialities plastered to a peeling turquoise painted board to the left of the entrance, with an orange lamp illuminating the papers. Mohandas walked down, looking at the house names as he went. About the sixth house down on the left-hand side was an average-sized abode, about 1 or 2 years old maybe, with a wooden name plaque with classical lettering telling him that this was Canterville Chase. Mohandas looked around as he prepared to cross t he spotless road, saw nothing, and crossed. Before Mohandas reached the other side though, a bright red sports car came whizzing around the corner, which lead onto the main road. Mohandas only just managed to move out the way of the speeding vehicle, and as he spun round to take a look at the offensive party, he just managed to catch a shimmer of light spinning around a turn, the flash car was still accelerating! Mohandas threw an annoyed grunt and waved a finger at the vanished car, but decided not to pursue the tyrant. With a quick brush down, Mohandas continued to cross the red-tarmac sea that was Redneck Drive and went up to the house. Mohandas paused before knocking, wondering what a good opening line might be. Mohandas peered into the lace-curtained window, inside was the unmistakable Derrick Harper, in a relaxed, but tense Im anxiously waiting for an old school friend to knock pose on his maroon velvet sofa, watching television. As if sensing he were being watched, his old ch um slammed down the remote control

Agriculture And Tourism Relationship In Malaysia Tourism Essays

Agriculture And Tourism Relationship In Malaysia Tourism Essays Agriculture And Tourism Relationship In Malaysia Tourism Essay Agriculture And Tourism Relationship In Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Topic: A White Heron Agrotourism is besides known as agritourism and farm-based touristry. Agrotourism is really the coactions between touristry and agribusiness since the visitant go to going as tourer to bask, relaxation, spend clip and money for joyfullness and felicity in add-on to sing agricultural country, making agricultural-related activities like harvest home, planting, fishing, and etc. It is a signifier of touristry in agricultural countries such as groves, agroforestry farms, herbal farms and carnal farms. Harmonizing to World Tourism Organisation ( WTO, 2002 ) that agrotourism is portion of rural touristry and relates to tourism on farms. It gives husbandmans the chances to spread out their activities and besides to increase their income. Agrotourism is merely a little portion of rural touristry and agricultural pattern worldwide, excepting in some European states such as Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland, where the figure of farms that offer some signifier of to uristry is unusually big. Agrotourism has different definitions in different parts of the universe. In Italy, it refers to farmstays. However in other parts of the universe, agrotourism includes a broad scope of activities which comprises of purchasing produce direct from a farm base, voyaging a maize labyrinth, picking fruits, feeding animate beings or remaining at a B A ; B ( bed and breakfast hostel ) on a farm. Agrotourism covers a broad scope of agriculture-related activities about which visitants learn and can seek them out by themselves. In ASEAN states like Thailand, rice agriculture, flower growth, vegetable and herb cultivation and farm animal agriculture are some common illustrations of agrotourism. Agrotourists or visitants are exposed to agricultural patterns in a more leisure manner, such as by fall ining picturesque canal Tourss or sauntering through fly-by-night fruit groves ( savoring the fruits right from the trees ) and working in rice farms. Almost all the agricultural research and survey Centres scattered throughout the state are back uping the agrotourism. Visitors are allowed to tour the Centres, watch the presentations or take portion in the custodies on activities. Agrotourism and ecotourism are besides closely-related. Agrotourism is when a native individual or locals of the country offer the Tourss to their agribusiness farm to let a individual to see them turning, re aping and treating locally grown nutrients such as coconuts, Ananas comosus, sugar cane, maize or any produce the individual would non meet in their place state. The husbandmans would besides offer a homestay programme and instruction for the visitants. Activities that normally be offered to agrotourists or visitants: Opportunities for interaction between hosts and invitees ( visitants ) Horseback equitation Showing and take parting in day-to-day farm work Supplying classs in organic agriculture and horticulture Showing or offering categories in doing traditional local trades Showing nutrient processing, functioning typical local dishes and offering cookery lessons Organizing cultural events Offering jaunts to natural and cultural attractive forces in the milieus Exhibitions of agrotourist merchandises Agrotourism in many European states consists chiefly of lodging and repasts on the farm. Farm edifices are frequently remodeled by the farm households into countrified housing installations, and run them as a type of bed and breakfast ( B A ; B ) hostel. Some farms particularly in Switzerland, do little more than clean out a barn and spread straw on the floor, upon which people roll out sleeping bags. Other farms will supply reasonably upscale adjustments for the visitants. Visitors are besides able to tour the farms, assist out with some farm jobs and have repasts with the farm household. Constantly, they experience life on the farm truly. In England, 23 % of farms provide some type of commercial leisure service endeavor such as fishing, nature trails, picnic sites and so forth whereas 24 % of English farms provide nightlong adjustment and/or catering ( Turner and Winter, 2003 ) . In states like France, tramps and bicyclers can follow a web of trails around the state that leads from farm to farm. In the Netherlands and some other European states, the husbandmans have centralized clearinghouses for reaching and booking corsets services on working farms. Agrotourism, while new to many types of American agribusiness, has been a major portion of the development of the American vino industry for decennaries. Many wine makers are portion of organized regional vino Tourss, and some particular events such as concerts, festivals, and nuptialss are besides held for attractive forces. And another signifier of agrotourism that has been around for decennaries is dude spreads. Dude spreads are more common in the United States and Australian Outback. It offers visitants the chance to work on cowss spreads and the opportunity to take portion in the cattle thrusts. In Australia, Canada and the Philippines, agrotourism is deemed as a growing industry. Reynolds ( 2005 ) references that agrotourism is a type of concerns conducted by husbandmans whose working agricultural operations for the enjoyment and instruction of visitants. Since it can complement husbandmans income and contribute to local economic development, agrotourism is being conceptualized as a concern theoretical account in footings of merchandise variegation. Referred to as agriturismo in Italy, sleeping in the straw in Switzerland, farmstays in New Zealand, and farm vacations in England, agrotourism is good established throughout Europe and in many other states ( Rilla, 1999a ) . Agrotourism endeavor as a concern conducted by a farm operator or husbandman for the enjoyment and instruction of the public beside advancing the merchandises of the farm, and bring forthing extra farm income ( Hilchey, 1993:4 ) . Although the husbandmans may non ever hold the clip, moneys and nec essary accomplishments and expertness to develop the touristry potency of their concern, agribusiness and public sector touristry organisations are ever advancing agrotourism ( Stephen J. and Getz, Don ( explosive detection systems ) ) . Tendencies of Agrotourism Agrotourism was recognized as a portion of ecotourism once as both have similar rules to carry on nature attractive forces ( Rilla 1999 ) . Both have been identified as the fastest touristry development theoretical account in the universe. They have been widely developed in developing states as a possible development theoretical accounts as natural resources and support of local society economically ( OTA, 1992 ) . At the minute, agrotourism has successfully developed in many states, for case Switzerland, New Zealand, France, Netherlands, Australia, and Austria ( Rilla 1999 ) . In Indonesia, there are eight states seeking to develop agrotourism such as North Sumatera with gum elastic and thenar plantations, Riau with cacao plantations, West Java by botanical gardens, Central Java and Daerah Istimewa Yogjakarta by salak pondoh agrotourism in Sleman, East Java by sugar plantations, Nusa Tenggara Barat by Rinjani ecotourism, Middle of Kalimantan and West of Kalimantan by palm plantations. Presently, they are still merely managed with limited installations and are non developed on community-based theoretical account, and have non been good promoted ( Indonesian Agriculture Department, 2005 ) . Previously, agrotourism attractive force was merely interpreted as view attractive forces and plantations country, but now agrotourism has been interpreted as a linkage system between touristry and agribusiness sectors every bit good as a theoretical account of part development ( Indonesia Agriculture Department, 2005 ) . Application of Agrotourism Agrotourism is extremely dependent on the type of agricultural activity that is practiced in that peculiar country. In other words, this means that non all agrotourism finishs in the universe provide the same agricultural activities. So in this subtopic, we are traveling to present and discourse about some celebrated agrotourism finishs in our state, Malaysia. This will decidedly exposed us the similarities and differences among the agrotourism finishs throughout the universe. First of all, allow us look at Malaysia s agrotourism musca volitanss. There are some celebrated illustrations of finishs such as: ( I ) Cameron Highland ( two ) Taman Pertanian Sabah ( three ) Parit Jawa Johor ( I ) Cameron Highland Cameron Highlands is Malaysia s premier hill resort. Located in the province of Pahang, on the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia, at 1524m above sea degree, it is the largest of the Malaysian hill resorts. Much of its entreaty lies in the net sprawling tea plantations which day of the month back to 1929, every bit good as terraced flower gardens, strawberry farms, grove and vegetable gardens. Bing a popular hill resort, Cameron Highlands is well-developed with visitant comfortss, tourer attractive forces, activities and a scope of adjustment for a comfy, at leisure vacation in cool invigorating clime. The cool clime which neer ranged more than 20 degree Celsius, along with its fertile dirt besides attracts tourer from assorted topographic points. Initially, the virgin jungle cleared for cultivation of tea shrubs. Therefore began Boh Estate, the first upland tea plantation in the state. Subsequently, other tea estates were opened, among them, the Blue Valley and Bharat plantations. The upland was besides found to be contributing for the commercial cultivation of veggies, flowers and fruits such as oranges and strawberries. The increasing popularity of Cameron Highlands in recent old ages has attracted the development of more touristry installations and musca volitanss to provide to the turning figure of visitants. The pattern of agrotourism can be observed in assorted agricultural topographic points which is good equipped with installations in Cameron Highlands. This is of import as the combination of both agribusiness and tourer attractive force signifiers agrotourism. There are many activities and topographic points to be visited in Cameron Highlands in the context of agrotourism such as: ( a ) Sungai Palas Tea Estate It is one of the four tea provinces on the Highlandss, besides produces the universe celebrated BOH TEA. Tourists may go 1 kilometer into this estate where the mill is located. Resident ushers will present the complex procedures involved in the production of fragrant tea. These include the picking of tea foliages and the intricate art of brewing a good cup of tea. Tourists can even buy some tea, the chief green goods of the upland, as a keepsake. ( B ) Apiary- Honeybee Farm Apiary- Honeybee farm is a little bungalow industry for the production of honey. It is a garden ere some 25 assortments of flowers have been cultivated non for sale, but as a nutrient supply for honey bees in hunt of nectar and pollen. Honey, believe it contain astonishing ingredients for handling complaints such as insomnia, lassitude, tegument diseases and even powerlessness. ( degree Celsius ) Strawberry Farm Strawberries are another alone and proud merchandise of the Highlands, seen as a hallmark of the hill resort. The assortment is known as FRESNO . Tourist will non go forth the farm without a jar of strawberry jam. ( vitamin D ) Flower Nurseries Fresh flowers are cultivated in the Highlandss and are a taking export. Most of the flowers are grown in Brinchang. Bloom like roses, chrysanthemum, clove pinks, Dahlia pinnatas, geranium and everlasting flowers are grown in the babys rooms. No visit to the Highlandss is complete without buying some of these colorful cuts to take back place. ( vitamin E ) Vegetable Farm Cameron Highlands is the state s premier manufacturer of fresh veggies, with some of the green goods exported to neighboring states. Most of the vegetable farms can be spotted from the route along Brinchang to Tringkap. Cabbages, Brassica oleracea botrytis, tomatoes, carrots, scallions, Petroselinum crispum and Piper nigrum are grown here. Purchases can be made at the vegetable stables. ( two ) Taman Pertanian Sabah Taman Pertanian Sabah is portion of the 1500 estates of the Agriculture Research Station, Lagud Sebrang Tenom which is administered and owned by the Agriculture Department Sabah. It is a complex consisting of the Agriculture Research Station, Seed production Centre for Cash Crop, Farmers Training Centre and Taman Pertanian Sabah itself. The Park sprawled over an country of 500 estates. The park was foremost opened to visitants in October 2000, and was officially launched by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad on the 25 March, 2001. With its rich biodiversity, the Park has a brilliant aggregation for autochthonal and introduced workss species. It is besides a preservation Centre for native Orchids of Borneo. This park would go a heritage for the following coevals and this will assist to educate people in nature preservation and the saving of natural rain forest through cultivation of trees, bushs, workss and flowers. The exuberant verdure, multitude species of workss or flowers of endemic to Borneo Island and really rare, birds-eye position of the lakes, capturing landscaped gardens provide an first-class base to spread out your cognition and ideal environment for those who seek peace, quiet and repose off from stressed and urban noise. This park besides provides a great trekking land every bit good as nature walks and jungle activities. The park is blessed with Mother Nature s hoarded wealths. The park is a show window of incorporate activities carried out by all the Departments and Agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture Development and Food Industry. It besides serves as a preparation and instruction Centre for agribusiness, gardening, beekeeping, seed production, forestry, piscary and carnal farming. It is divided into four cardinal countries: ( a ) Agribusiness This included Living Crop Museum, Demonstration Farms, Agro forestry, Bee Centre and Germplasm aggregation. ( B ) Gardening This include Native Orchid Centre, Hybrid Orchid, Evolution garden, Model Garden and Ornamental Garden ( degree Celsius ) Animal Husbandry This included Animal Park and Animal Farm. ( vitamin D ) Fisheries This included Freshwater Fishing. Aims of Taman Pertanian Sabah are foremost, as a major Agrotourism Centre in the province. Second, to supply presentation farms for Agricultural activities, Animal genteelness and Fisheries. Third, to function as a Centre for preparation and presentation on Agriculture, Horticulture, Fishery, Apiculture, Seed Technology, Forestry and Animal Husbandry. Next is to supply installations for nature-based recreational activities and the concluding aim is to advance consciousness and love for nature. ( three ) Parit Jawa Johor The undermentioned agrotourism finish that I recommended is a topographic point which situated On the western seashore of Johor, lies a little town called Parit Jawa. The chief attractive force here particularly during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife. Despite the busy river oral cavity near the breakwater the bird zoology seems unflurried. The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants of the household of Storks, by sheer virtuousness of their endangered position and size. Standing at 120 centimeter tall, with a white organic structure and dark Grey wings this species is unmistakable. Its caput is virtually barefaced, apart from a thin covering of all right hair-like plumes. There are merely 2000 uneven Numberss left in the universe and its cousin, the Greater Adjutant, non found in Malaysia, is critically endangered with merely 500 uneven left in the natural state. To be able to spy these astonishing prehistoric looking birds is worth the weekend to th is authoritative, pre-war-looking town of Parit Jawa. Birdlife The chief attractive force of Parit Jawa, particularly during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife.A Though there is a regular traffic of angling boats weaving its manner through the muddy channels, and though there are local people traveling about their concern near the breakwater the bird zoology seems unperturbed.A The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants, by sheer virtuousness of their size.A Standing at 120 centimeter tall, with a white organic structure and dark Grey wings this species is unmistakable. Comically, its caput is virtually barefaced, apart from a thin covering of all right hair-like feathers.A A Active during the twenty-four hours, these storks feed on fish and amphibious vehicles such as the Crab-eating Frog. Once seized, the quarry is subjected to a series of stabs with its powerful beak, before being swallowed whole.A At darks the storks roost in Rhizophora mangle trees along the coast.A Nesting occurs chiefly during the dry season, either in little settlements or as individual nests.A A A A A Other shore birds non normally seen in Malaysia but which may be sighted at Parit Jawa include the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, the Eurasiatic Curlew Numenius arquata and the Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes.A A Egrets and smaller Heros are easy seen, including the Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus.A The Striated Heron Butorides striatus is really common, and is frequently seen perched near to the breakwater or stalking little fish around the moored fishing boats.A Flocks of terns are frequently seen following fishing vass back to harbor, pouncing down to tweak little fish from the Waterss churned up by the boats propellers.A Kingfishers are common excessively, including migrators such as the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and the Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata ; there are legion sticks or stations near to the breakwater where they like to perch.A A Fishing Village For visitants unfamiliar with the mellow appeals of rural Malaysia the fishing small town of Kuala Parit Jawa serves as a all right example.A The tidal recess is crowded with wooden vass which fish the boggy Waterss of the Straits of Malacca, and there are a figure of alfresco seafood eating houses specializing in spicy fish recipes.A Add to that a twosome of brilliantly coloured Chinese temples and modest Malay kampung houses surrounded by banana, papaia and durian groves and you have a scene of rural repose. Mud and Mangroves Beyond the rickety wooden breakwater at the oral cavity of Kuala Parit Jawa is a broad sweep of clay, which isA exposed at low tide.A The coastal mudflats of the Straits of Malacca are rich in organic content, back uping an copiousness of spineless life including worms, snails, pelecypods, pediculosis pubiss and prawns.A In bend these nutrient groups support a rich web of higher species including fish such as mudspringers, reptilians such as H2O serpents and proctors, and a broad scope of bird species.A A Mammals excessively live in the next Rhizophora mangles ; groups ofA Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis on a regular basis venture out of the Rhizophora mangles and onto the mudflats, likely to feed upon crabs hence their other name Crab-eating Macaque.A The Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea can besides be sighted here.A Deductions of Agrotourism Agrotourism has contributed much to both the economic and societal sector in our state development. However, there are positive and negative deductions of agrotourism. First of all, agrotourism contributes tonss in bettering the economic system of the local communities. When we are advancing about agrotourism, we are really advancing both the agribusiness and touristry as they are combined in this sector. Topographic points of agribusiness will sell the merchandises and bring on the touristry of the topographic point at the same clip. As a consequence, tourers will purchase the agribusiness merchandises and disbursement for tour cost such as adjustment as good. Besides, agrotourism will assist to increase the value of the small town. For case, the occupants can supply place stay-themed-accommodation for the tourers. Home stay is a signifier of plan that allows the tourers to populate with a local household to see their life style. Besides this plan, by passing on the service provided or merchandises bought, the tourers can increase the incomes of the occupants in rural country. This extra income will assist to raise the position of the occupants. Therefore, the poorness rate in rural country can be decreased. OtherA opportunityA generated from agrotourism is supplying local employments. The occupants of rural country, particularly the young persons, can work on adjustment service, tour usher service, eating house or handcraft industry. This will diminish the migration of young persons to metropoliss. Therefore, agrotourism helps bettering the societal state of affairss, peculiarly poverty relief, diminishing unemployment and worsening urbanisation. Generating agrotourism-related businessesA is the most possible chance of agrotourism development. Due to the increasing sum of the tourers, traditional bars or french friess are produced in order to present the local nutrient to them. In the handcraft industry, souvenir such as batik and canes merchandises are made to sell to the tourers. To keep the sum of visitants, agricultural merchandise betterments and stimulations of tourism-relatedA endeavors are done. Last but non least, abandoned land can be developed in the pattern of agrotourism. The development of agrotourism brings about the use of lands. These lands can turn out to be a new tourer attractive force topographic point. They can be used as aquaculture raising, orchard farm or recreational park. However, agrotourism has its negative effects towards the environment when it is over-developed. Climatic alteration is one of the major jobs which the agrotourism sector caused. Recently, we can see the planetary temperature is increasing drastically from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. The best illustration is Cameron Highland, a topographic point that pattern agrotourism. It was known as a cold topographic point but now, the temperature is really increasing. This has caused the harvest output of the agribusiness merchandises such as vegetable and fruits to diminish because these workss are merely suited in temperate status. Another negative consequence that we can see is the pollution job. Extensive agrotourism activities have released fouling byproducts which consequences in environmental jobs. The increasing figure of tourers causes air pollution in a peculiar country as they utilizing vehicles which release nursery gases such as C dioxide and N oxides. These polluting gases are emitted into the ambiance and translate into the acerb rain. Acid rain has inauspicious affect on the workss, fresh H2O and dirt because it can kills some of the life beings. Besides, the inordinate usage of chemical fertilisers and pesticides besides result in dirt pollution. Excessive usage of chemical pesticides which exceed allowable bound causes unwanted wellness effects and reduces biodiversity. Continuous usage of fertiliser that contains heavy metals such as Cd in phosphate stones will foul the dirt and render the harvests to be toxic. When the rain falls, the pollutants in dirt will be brought to the river along with the rain, which will so do H2O pollution. In add-on, additions in usage of chemical fertiliser consequences in higher degree of nitrates being washed from the dirt into the H2O ecosystem. This causes an inordinate enrichment of the H2O, eutrophicaton, taking to rapid algal growing that creates O shortage and violent death of aquatic life. This concatenation reaction will further impact our ecosystem and biodiversity. When agrotourism is allowed to develop without proper planning, deforestation might go on. As this sector is turning quickly, more and more land is required. So, the limited handiness of land will take to deforestation. Deforestation will convey to diminish in the wildlife population and at a more critical province, the biodiversity of the country will be affected. Consequently, there will be agricultural misdirection which consequences in less cultivable land for agribusiness and at the interim, affect the agrotourism sector. Constraints of Agrotourism Lack of publicity is another restraint of agrotourism. Advertisement related to agrotourism is non established to a wider scope of topographic points. Peoples will non hold much information about the agrotourism topographic points. Besides, the booklets that provide uncomplete information will confound the tourers. The information given may non be interesting or intriguing adequate to pull the tourers. Furthermore, many topographic points are deficiency of circuit ushers to present the topographic points to the tourers. These will discourage them from sing the agrotourism topographic point. The governments should advance the singularity of each small town to beef up the finish by uniting with other related activities to make the ends of agrotourism. Facilities besides play an of import function in the development of agrotourism. The hardest barriers of agrotourism development are unequal substructures, limited populace installations and imperfect human resource accomplishments. It will be a problem when the installations such as transit, hotel and lavatory do non carry through the tourers demands. Another job in agrotourism is deficient authorities supports. Due to the little sum of governmental outgo on research and development of agrotourism, proficient aid and support, every bit good as agro-marketing, agrotourism ever faces jobs in developing. Government authorization, investing in agricultural sectors, substructure development, human accomplishment betterment, public installations development, and local communities authorization and engagement demand to be instantly committed to use an ideal agrotourism. Besides, the younger coevals is the of import factor in the development of agrotourism. However, they are non concerned and interested about the verdure. From their point of position, agrotourism topographic point is non an interesting topographic point to travel and it is non deserving to travel for such an unmemorable and uncomfortable trip. Water World or Extreme Park will pull more attending from them. Besides, they are non interested to work in the agrotourism sector. Fresh alumnuss are non enthusiastic about the occupation in agrotourism as they thought it is non well-paid compared to the professional sector. As a effect, there is no new coevals to take over this sector. Last, scarce investing is a large job for agrotourism sector. It is more hazardous to put in this sector compared to the other sectors which are stable in development. Investors are less likely to put in agrotourism as this sector is non a popular tendency in the universe yet. All in all, the authorities, non-governmental organisations, and even the people of our state should make their best to lend to agrotourism. The authorities should non merely fork out money in care. Alternatively, they should happen options in back uping the development of agrotourism. Solutions to work out the restraints and implement to better this sector should be their precedence concern. Wayss to Better Agrotourism In Malaysia Agrotourism and homestay programmes provided chances for local engagement and extra beginnings of income. A sum of 19 agro-tourism locations were developed with the engagement of husbandmans and fishermen during the Seventh Plan period. The merchandises included twenty-four hours visits, farm-stay and agro-tourism bundles. Agrotourism is quickly carving a niche in Malaysia, particularly as the state has a wealth of merchandises to offer locals and visitants likewise. Agricultural touristry, as it is officially known, helps by bettering incomes and economic potencies of little farms, rural communities and agro-based ventures throughout the state. Visitors can besides assist with the locals day-to-day jobs, feeding the ducks, be givening to the veggies and see how the local communities thrive in today s fast-paced universe. There are besides homestays where visitants can detect more of local agrotourism patterns. There are besides fruit farms and Parkss where locals and visitants can larn more of agroutourism in Malaysia. In Malaysia, an agribusiness park mensurating over 10000 hectares has been opened, demoing visitants how Malayan agribusiness has developed. For illustration, Cameron Highland located at Pahang and Dusun vitamin D Paradise that is situated in Melaka. These topographic points have become tourist hot spot as it offer assortment of activity and different experience for tourer. Malaysia Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism ( MAHA ) is the chief organisation that promotes the pattern of agrotourism. Today, the industry is still turning and need a batch of betterment to accomplish optimal benefit. Supportive authorities policies are one of the ways of betterment. It maintains a concern environment with oppurtunities for growing and net incomes have made agrotourism in Malaysia an attractive sector. The private sector in Malaysia is encouraged to go spouses with the populace sector in accomplishing the state s development aims. Government s committedness to keep a concern environment should be the chief aim that provides companies with the chances for growing and net incomes. Government can besides pay changeless feedback from the concern community through channels of audience such as regular government- private sector duologues. These allow the assorted concern communities to aerate their positions and to lend towards the preparation of better agrotourism. Air, land and sea transit will be continuously upgraded to ease handiness and the growing of the touristry industry. The comfort, safety and security of tourers are important for the success of the agrotourism industry. The authorities will increase security patrols, particularly in distant tourer resorts, to guarantee the safety of tourers. At the same clip, attachment to safety steps in the transit of riders by route, rail, sea and air will stay a top precedence. Operators, ushers and teachers in the touristry concern will necessitate to be more witting of the wellbeing of tourers and strive to guarantee their comfort and safety. In add-on, farther attempts will be made to supply tourers with quality goods and services at sensible monetary values. Over the old ages, extended promotional runs have been engineered both locally and overseas to pull tourers from around the universe. Despite the economic lag, the touristry industry remains strong. Today, Malaysia is one of the most popular tourer finishs in Asia. This will let the agrotourism industry to continuously spread outing. Government must take enterprise, which are undertaken by its official touristry promotional board, Tourism Malaysia. This will make possible investing chances in many countries. Tourism Malaysia has established video cartridge holders in local telecasting programme to advance agrotourism. Stable political status is besides indispensable for marketing in agrotourism even for major tourer attractive forces. Government should guarantee the political status is ever stable so as to let the uninterrupted of tourer fluxing into the state, therefore advancing agrotourism. Besides that, this will do investor experience secure and let them to spread out the field safely. Malaysia authorities should offers investors a immature, educated and productive work force at costs competitory with the other states in Asia. This will let the investors to develop and pattern agrotourism in a more convenient manner. Therefore, this will pull more investors to develop in Malaysia and straight lend to the state s economic system. The investors besides need to play their function to better the pattern of agrotourism. They should supply better substructure for their clie

How to Organize Compare-Contrast Paragraphs

How to Organize Compare-Contrast Paragraphs Organizing two compare-and-contrast paragraphs is just a mini version of creating a compare-and-contrast essay. This kind of essay examines two or more subjects by comparing their similarities and contrasting their differences.  In the same way, compare-contrast paragraphs compare and contrast two things in two separate paragraphs. There are two basic methods for organizing compare-contrast paragraphs: the block format and a format where the writer separates similarities and differences. Block Format When using the block format for a two-paragraph comparison, discuss one subject in the first paragraph and the other in the second, as follows: Paragraph 1: The opening sentence names the two subjects and states that they are very similar, very different or have many important (or interesting) similarities and differences. The remainder of the paragraph describes the features of the first subject without referring to the second subject. Paragraph 2: The opening sentence must contain a transition showing you are comparing the second subject to the first, such as: Unlike (or similar to) subject No. 1, subject No. 2... Discuss all the features of subject No. 2 in relation to subject No. 1 using compare-contrast cue words such as  like,  similar to, also, unlike, and on the other hand,  for each comparison. End this paragraph with a personal statement, a prediction or another enlightening conclusion. Separating Similarities and Differences When using this format, discuss only the similarities in the first paragraph and only the differences in the next. This format requires careful use of many compare-contrast cue words and is, therefore, more difficult to write well. Create the paragraphs as follows: Paragraph 1: The opening sentence names the two subjects and states that they are very similar, very different or have many important (or interesting) similarities and differences. Continue discussing similarities only using compare-contrast cue words such as like, similar to and also, for each comparison. Paragraph 2: The opening sentence must contain a transition showing that you are pivoting to discussing differences, such as: Despite all these similarities, (these two subjects) differ in significant ways. Then describe all the differences, using compare-contrast cue words such as differs, unlike, and on the other hand, for each comparison. End the paragraph with a personal statement, a prediction, or another compelling conclusion. Create a Pre-Writing Chart In organizing compare-contrast paragraphs, using either of the above methods, students may find it helpful to create a compare-contrast-prewriting chart. To create this chart, students would create a three-column table or chart with the following headers topping each column: Subject 1, Features, and Subject 2. Students then list the subjects and features in the appropriate columns. For example, a student might compare life in the city (Subject No. 1) vs. the country (Subject No. 2). To start, the student would list Entertainment, Culture, and Food, in the rows under the Features header. Then, next Entertainment, the student could list theaters, clubs under the City header and festivals, bonfires under the Country header. Next might be Culture in the Features column. Next to Culture, the student would list museums in the City column and historic places under the Country column, and so on. After compiling about seven or eight rows, the student can cross out the rows that seem least relevant. Crafting such a chart helps the student create an easy visual aid to help write the compare-contrast paragraphs for either of the previously discussed methods.

Domestic Violence Centre of Santa Clarita Valley Research Paper

Domestic Violence Centre of Santa Clarita Valley - Research Paper Example This research paper analyzes the website in which Domestic Violence Centre advertises it's products and thereafter gives recommendations on how to improve it for the better. DVC stands for Domestic Violence Centre. This is a non-governmental organization that advocates for non-violence measures in solving domestic issues. DVC is transparent in running its affairs and all information regarding its activities is on the public domain through its website. Therefore anybody donating his/ her resources to the organization knows how their resources are spent. The organization also audits its accounts after every six months to ensure that its financial resources are not misappropriated; therefore, DVC invites anyone willing to sponsor its activities as a partner. This research also analyzes the marketing strategies for DVC, giving recommendations on the best means of achieving its objectives. The website belonging to DVC is not commercial and therefore it doesn’t have advertisements f rom Google AdSense, chitika and other online marketing firms. These features distract viewers from the organizations site therefore resulting into low traffic and thus minimal information is passed regarding the services that DVC offers. The researcher also focuses on the analysis of various means, in which DVC has communicated its objectives and gives recommendations on how best to improve on them. In conclusion, the researcher states that crowdsourcing and free-lancers hiring are the ways and means in which the organization will leverage itself.

1.Analyse reasons why managers are interested in having motivated Essay

1.Analyse reasons why managers are interested in having motivated workers - Essay Example Salary raises are acceptable but are not the motivating factor for employees to do their best to their duties. Thus, most managers prefer dealing with motivated workers rather than employees who need to be motivated before they can handle their duties effectively. The essay critically analyzes the reasons why most managers are interested in having motivated workers. Motivation describes the forces that act on an employee and initiate a certain behavior in the workplace. The type and intensity of motivators vary widely among employees since each brings different goals and needs to the workplace (Singla, 2004). Thus, managers prefer working with motivated employees since they strive to find the best way to perform their roles and responsibilities in the workplace. Motivated employees come to work early, can stay late, and have the ability to take on additional work whenever there is the need. They have individual characteristics that touch on their values, personality, abilities, needs, and interests in providing a wonderful work environment for the other co-workers. In contrast, the average worker considers handling the minimum amount of work outlined in order to get their daily pay. The ability and willingness to work effectively affects the efficiency of a worker. Also, the ability to work is obtained with the help of training and education while the willingness to deliver quality services is influenced by one’s motivation (Trehan & Trehan, 2006). Willingness to work is more important than ability since it improves the performance level within the organisation. Even though a worker is educated and recruited on this basis, it is not essential that he will do outstanding work in improving the performance of the organisation. One has to be motivated to do outstanding work. Thus, motivation improves one’s efficiency, which is reflected in decreased costs and

Naturalism in Stephen Crane’s “A God in Wrath” Essay Example for Free

Naturalism in Stephen Crane’s â€Å"A God in Wrath† Essay The 1880s to the 1940s marks a period in American Literature known as Realism and Naturalism. This was the time when most literary works reflected the ideas of pessimism and determinism, and where events and even God oppose human free will or remain indifferent to human desires. One author and poet of this era was Stephen Crane. Crane published â€Å"A God in Wrath† in 1905 in a collection of poems called The Black Rider and Other Lines. The poem, which is about a god torturing a man, reflects the recurring theme of naturalism with instances of pessimism, determinism, and detachment. Naturalism in â€Å"A God in Wrath† Pessimism. Pessimism, or the seeming inevitability of the occurrence of negative events, fills every line of the â€Å"A God in Wrath. † In the poem, the very fact that a god is punishing the man is perhaps the greatest indication of pessimism considering that no man can ever be greater than a god. Therefore, no man can ever escape a god’s wrath and so a man who is suffering from it will surely suffer till the end. Indeed nothing can be more pessimistic than that. One particular line, â€Å"He cuffed him loudly† (Crane), indicates that the man is bound and has no chance of escape ever. Moreover, one should take note that these cuffs are put by a god and therefore impossible to get rid of. Also, the cuffs are in the form of â€Å"thunderous blows that rang and rolled over the earth† (Crane). This means that these are not just simple shackles that simply require a key to remove but that they are as complicated as they are difficult to detach. Perhaps one more indication of pessimism in the poem is the presence of a crowd of people who are not shown to help the man, or are portrayed as helpless creatures that do nothing but observe and add to the man’s injury by saying â€Å"Ah, what a wicked man! † (Crane). The man in â€Å"A God in Wrath† is already in deep suffering when â€Å"All people came running† (Crane). Nevertheless, although he â€Å"screamed and struggled† (Crane), the crowd, instead of helping him, condemns him more by calling him wicked. In real life, one can see people who not only ignore those who ask for their help but even regard them as evil. Such is the picture of the society that Crane may have wanted to show through the element of pessimism in the poem. Determinism. Determinism in â€Å"A God in Wrath† centers around the idea that the man has no choice but to accept the wrath of god and eventually his own fate. The whole poem is a testament to the absence of free will as indicated in the man’s useless struggle to escape. Man’s free will is figuratively strangled when the god â€Å"cuffed him loudly† (Crane) and that although he â€Å"screamed and struggled† (Crane), which means that he wants to assert himself and his free will, no help arrives and there is no escape. Perhaps the man’s last chance of escape is the people who â€Å"came running† (Crane), and maybe he smiles at the fact that all of them seem to come to his aid. Unfortunately, it seems that he is predestined to suffer and perhaps even die of his suffering when he finds out later on that the people who come running actually do nothing but say â€Å"Ah, what a wicked man! † (Crane). Crane here shows that no amount of screams and struggles from the man, or every man in general, can change the course of nature, the will of a god, or man’s destiny to suffer. Detachment. The stone-cold objectivity in Stephen Crane’s tone is felt in the poem in his use of such nameless characters as a god, a man, and all people. The absence of a capital â€Å"g† in â€Å"god,† except perhaps in the title, clearly indicates that this god is not necessarily the Christian God but perhaps any form of deity considered to be a symbol of cruel and inhuman dictatorship. It can even be religion itself which is shown here that makes man suffer. One can also see that in the poem, the man is unnamed, which means that it can represent any human being particularly those who seem to be experiencing a hopeless struggle. Lastly, the phrase â€Å"all people† (Crane) may represent everyone else in the world of the man who suffers. Also, the fact that all of them â€Å"came running† (Crane) tells us that they are united in their action, and that when they all together â€Å"cried, Ah, what a wicked man! † (Crane), one can see that people in general are wicked and often express their ridicule and cruelty in unison. On the whole, the element of detachment in Crane’s â€Å"A God in Wrath† tells us that the situation portrayed in the poem and its painful events are not exclusive to the characters in it but also to every suffering human being. Conclusion Stephen Crane’s â€Å"A God in Wrath† is a poem that portrays the elements of the era of Literary Realism and Naturalism, which include pessimism, determinism and detachment. Pessimism is reflected by man’s seemingly unending struggle with a god that is impossible to conquer and with people who are brutally indifferent to his suffering. Determinism is present in the lines that show that his fate seems inevitable and that no amount of struggle and will to survive may seem enough to free the man in the poem from his suffering. Finally, a sense of detachment is expressed by the fact that the characters in the poem are unnamed. Hence, this makes the particular literary work a mirror of what actually goes on in the life of every human being who suffers and how much pain he has to bear with the wrath of a cruel god and the inaction of his indifferent fellow humans. Works Cited Crane, Stephen. 2010. â€Å"A God in Wrath. † Stephen Maria Crane. Poemhunter. com. May 24, 2010. http://www. poemhunter. com/poem/a-god-in-wrath-2/ Crane, Stephen. â€Å"A God in Wrath. † Withered Arm and Other Stories. Ed. George Bess. New Jersey: Viking Penguin, 1999. Print.

Life :: essays research papers

philosophy Before I can go on to lay out the foundations of my belief system, I think it would be helpful to shed some light on the playing field in which these ideas are to be considered. This playing field is constructed of words and statements, of course, but the precise meaning of "words" and "statements" is often left unclear. I will begin by defining these things as I intend to use them. I will also make a cursory attempt to explain the different types of statements we will encounter, the importance of falsifiablity and the role of faith, in addition to a smattering of other definitions that will become important as we proceed. Statements The ultimate building blocks of any philosophical system are statements. A statement is an attempt to communicate that which is true (or perceived to be true) through the symbolic code (words) of a language. All symbols are, of course, inherently limited. There exist various properties in a symbol's object of reference, which cannot b e contained within the symbol itself. An obvious example of this is the property of real existence. We may discuss in detail the various properties of a horse and of a unicorn. Considered only from a linguistic standpoint, a horse and unicorn can be assumed to be virtually synonymous. However, the object of the symbol horse possesses the property of real existence while the object of the symbol unicorn does not. The word/symbol horse, though, cannot convey this property because it cannot be contained by the symbol. True knowledge of this property can only be obtained by finding a real horse and touching it, riding it, getting to know it. The consequence of this is the understanding that there exist incommunicable properties of all real objects. These incommunicable properties are no less real than their communicable counterparts. They simply cannot be conveyed by symbols. Knowledge of these properties can only be obtained by direct experience with the object itself. These properties will hereafter be referred to as existential properties. Please note, however, that acknowledgment of such existential properties does not negate the reality or real importance of those properties, which can be contained and conveyed by the object's symbol. All real objects contain both communicable and existential properties and to disparage consideration of either category is to limit the degree to which we can understand the nature of such objects.

Kraft Foods Essay

They offer delicious foods and beverages for every lifestyle on the go. While exploring the website of Kraft seems to define their product mix as foods that are geared more towards the people on the go. I would define their product mix as health/wellness foods, quick fix meals, snacks and beverages as well as offering a Premium line of foods. In their health/wellness foods they offer products in a â€Å"light† form such as things like Philadelphia light cream cheese and reduce fat cookies. For meals on the go or quick fix meals Kraft have designed meals like the Kraft Mac & Cheese Cups, frozen meals and sandwich kits. They offer a wide variety of snack foods including everyone’s favorite cookie Oreo’s and Splendips. The Premium line that Kraft offers includes foods like DiGornio Pizza and Oscar Myer bacon. Kraft offers 8 product lines with over 50 different brands. Kraft’s product mix is the offering of their premium foods, such as DiGornao Ultimate Pizza which is made as a higher quality pizza then the standard. Tombstone Mexican Style Pizza is offered as a convenience food as a favorite food of teenage boys. It was designed for the ease of cooking a easy, quick, healthy meal. Tang is real fruit goodness of oranges. Everyone will surely love its sweet, refreshing flavor plus the added nutrition it gives. It is also instant drink mix offering the convenience food again. South Beach Diet foods are part of their healthy yet, convenience foods. The line offers alternatives to other popular diet fads. South Beach Diet foods play on wholegrain and the correct or right fats like canola oil and olive oil. In this line they also offer bars for a fast way to fill a craving during the day.

Recording analysing and using HR information Essay

The below note will give you a brief information about the way the organisation’s approach to collecting, sorting and using HR data. This was divided into the following: 1) Two reasons why the organization needs to collect HR data: a) â€Å"to be able to retrieve information whenever it is needed. For example each organisation has to keep accurate records or information of their employees in order to be able to use this information for planning ahead (†¦) b) a legal requirement, for instance in order to be able to make accurate tax returns to the government† [1] 2) Two types of data that is collected within the organization and how each supports HR practices: a) sickness records: this type of data/report may be collected periodically (monthly or quarterly) and compared or analysed against each employee’s attendance records. This helps the human resources to manage the attendance record of the organisation accurately and inform line managers of the constant attendance offenders (†¦) b) the contact details for each employee especially home address. This is essential if a correspondence needs to be sent out to each employee, such as contract, payslips, pensions† [2] 3) A description of at least two methods of sorting records and the benefits of each: a) manual method: â€Å"paper-based items such as employees’ original application forms, contracts of employment and any other documentation – letters, references, and so on – that relate to employment. Such records should be systematically field for security purposes and ease of access to authorized users. (†¦) b) electronically method: (†¦) not only can absence turnover, pay and training be monitored easily, but specific programs on human resource planning, psychometric testing, employee development and appraisals can be used to help make relevant decisions. Databases containing employee details can be a real time-saver when it comes to working out pay awards, statistics on how many people have been trained who is due for retirement and so on (†¦) Both of those methods help in strategic decision-making, support services to line managers, (†¦) provides information when decisions need to be made about the future of an individual employee† [3] 4) A statement of at least two essential items of UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and accessibility of HR data a) Data Protection Act (1998) â€Å"processed fairly and lawfully and shall not be processed unless certain conditions are met obtained only for specified and lawful purposes adequate, relevant and not excessive (†¦) accurate and up to date kept for no longer than in necessary processed in accordance with the rights granted under the DPA98 kept securely not transferred to a country without adequate data protection†[4] b) Freedom of Information Act 2000: â€Å"provides public access to information held by public authorities. It does this in two ways: Public authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities; and Members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities.† [5] Part B493 This section analyses Absence Management in Private Sector in 2014. The information is based on the CIPD Survey Report, published in November 2014. The report concentrates on analysing data for organisations on absence as well as a focus on employee well-being. Additionally the report says, about the impact of government initiatives on absence management. The report was divided into the following sections: 1) Absence level: It has reduced considerably. The average level has fallen by 1.7 days this year compared with last. (Figure 1) Length of absence: nearly  ¾ of absence are short-term (up to 7 days), 14% of absence are long-term (up to 4 weeks) (Table 6) a) short-term absence: based on the vast majority 85% minor illness musculoskeletal injuries back pain home/family responsibilities stress mental ill-health (Table 10) 1/3 of private sector organisations reported increase in stress-related absence. The reasons of it are: high workloads, non-work relationships/family and management style. 2/5 of private services organisations report an increase in mental health problems Solutions: with regards to stress absence: management training and training to build personal resilience, flexible working options/improved work-life balance with regards to mental ill-health: counseling, flexible working options/improved work-life balance and employee assistance programmers,  training to line managers to effectively manage and support staff b) long-term absence: acute conditions (stroke, heart attack, cancer) stress musculoskeletal injuries mental ill health back pain (Table 13) Solutions: change the working patterns or environment to enable people to stay in or return to work, flexible working arrangements The vast majorities of organisations have a written absence/attendance management policy, record their employee absence rate collect information on the causes of absence and provide one or more well-being benefits. Developing line managers’ capability to manage absence (2014: 56% of those that made changes; 2013: 33%) This was achieved by an increased focus on attendance strategies and the fact that some organisations are developing line managers capability, from 39% (2013) to 61% (2014) 2) Cost of absence: It has increased compared with last year: 2014 –  £520 2013 –  £467 (Figure 2) 3) Approaches to absence management: a) short-term: return-to-work interviews (the most effective method) trigger mechanisms to revive attendance disciplinary procedures for unacceptable absence giving sickness absence information to line managers (Table 25) b) long-term: return-to-work interviews risk assessments to aid return to work occupational health involvement (table 26) 4) Government plan: 1/5 of organisations plan to access the new government Independent Assessment and Advisory Service (now called the Fit for Work Scheme). Summery: Most private sector employers believe they could decrease their absence levels. Organisations themselves need to ensure that they understand the cost of absence to help galvanise senior management support for addressing absence issues. Regular monitoring, review and act on the data they collect regarding the level and causes of absence, to ensure their approach to absence and well-being is relevant to their organisation’s specific issues. Clearly is essential to develop line managers in managing short-term absence. [6] Bibliography: [1] Why Organisations Need Data – College Essays – Oluwatayo. 2014. Why Organisations Need Data – College Essays – Oluwatayo. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Organisations-Need-Data-1001107.html. [Accessed 30 December 2014]. [2] Why Organisations Need Data – College Essays – Oluwatayo. 2014. Why Organisations Need Data – College Essays – Oluwatayo. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Organisations-Need-Data-1001107.html. [Accessed 30 December 2014]. [3] Introduction to Human Resource Management A Guide to HR in Practice, Charles Leatherbarow, Janet Fletcher, Donald Currie, Published by CIPD, 2013, page 77-78 [4] Introduction to Human Resource Management A Guide to HR in Practice, Charles Leatherbarow, Janet Fletcher, Donald Currie, Published by CIPD, 2013, page 392 [5] What is the Freedom of Information Act? | ICO. 2014. What is the Freedom of Information Act? | ICO. [ONLINE] Available at: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-freedom-of-information/what-is-the-foi-act/. [Accessed 30 December 2014]. [6] http://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/absence-management_2014.pdf

Andy Worhol essays

Andy Worhol essays When you think about it, department stores are kind of like museums. Andy Warhol made that quote to totally destroy the fine line between fine arts and commercial arts (art used for magazine illustrations, comic books, etc.). Warhol did not create paintings, but he developed a new printing method he called screen-printing, to make the very unique illustrations he named Pop Art. No one is more associated with Pop Art than Andy Warhol. His art made him stand out as one of the most unusual, yet influential artists of the 20th Century. Andrew Warhola, his original given name, was born on September 28, 1930 in Forest City, Pennsylvania as the son of Slovak immigrants Julia and Ondej Warhola. He grew up in a depressed Philadelphia neighborhood stricken with poverty and crime. As the youngest of three boys, he became naturally timid and shy and the target of bullies at school. On top of being shy, he was afflicted by Sidemans Syndrome, a rare childhood disease characterized by irregular movements, physical disturbance, and acute rheumatic fever. Since he was constantly sick, he spent a great deal of time in his mothers care. When he was thirteen, his father died in a terrible construction accident. After of his fathers death, Warhol was drawn even closer to his mother. Soon after, his family moved to another town in Pennsylvania called Oak Land. He had trouble making friends there too, so he spent most of his free time with either his mother or girls he had met. Often he would go see movies and collect auto graphed photos of stars which were given out after the screening. Several of these photos were used later in his prints. Warhol was an incredibly bright child, but didnt partake in any extracurricular activities due to his extreme shyness and because he believed his abilities were superior to his peers. Warhol continued to be the loser of his class until finally he graduated. He appl...

How to Write a Critical Essay

How to Write a Critical Essay How to Write a Critical Essay Critical essay writing means a good understanding of the topic and requires deep analysis of the literary work and available criticism. It is one of the most difficult tasks for students to write critical essay because they should show their writing skills AND the way of thinking. First of all, you should try to understand and explain a chosen text. However, the critical essay must be well-organized, using appropriate language for a college-level paper. Before writing a critical essay try to find a problem in the text, do not summarize but analyze it. Take into account you reader's expectations, be sure that the reader is familiar with the literary text. Do nor retell the story, rather interpret its significance. Persuasive Essay The purpose of writing a persuasive essay is to influence or change reader's thoughts or opinions on a particular topic: Descriptive Essay Descriptive essay is one of the essay types which is assigned very often. Descriptive elements can be found in any kind of essay. The purpose of the descriptive essay is to describe people, events, anything else. The descriptive essay writing should be written in a such way that enables the reader to visualize the things being described. That's why it is very important to provide specific details. Description relies on emotions related to the points. Use verbs that can transfer your emotions to the reader. If you describe some events, try moving your reader through space and time chronologically. CUSTOM WRITING SERVICE In any paper that you write you should make points that are well-organized, supporting ideas that are clear and to-the point. Don't forget about outline which helps you to organize your ideas in a proper way. Use specific examples to illustrate your main points. Don't give your reader the impression that you are not educated on the issues related to your topic. Ordering custom essay writing service at you receive 100% plagiarism free essay written from scratch which meets your requirements. We are focused on quality and deliver essays only of premium quality. If you want to become a successful student, you are welcome to use our essay services! Popular posts: Writing a Research Paper APA University Research Proposal Sport Research Paper Shakespeare Research Paper Topics Research Proposal Guidelines

Population Impact on Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Population Impact on Environment - Essay Example The size of population has a great impact on the environment. With the increasingly growing number of the world population, the natural resources are also under increasing pressure. If the population continues to grow with the current rate, more and more resources will be consumed, which will be a major threat to public health and development. Only 10,000 years ago the world population was one million, by 1960 it was 3 billion and currently the world population is seven billion (Emmott). According to estimates, the world population by 2050 will increase by 9 billion and maybe in some part of the future there will be ten billion of us (Emmott). The numbers of the growing population are shocking and outrageous. The large population numbers have a humongous impact not just on the environmental resources, but also the world climate, human health and the economic situation. The last century exhibited a rise in the population number and also revealed some major effects on the environment and public health. Developing countries consume more and more resources, because of the fast rate of population growth and need the resources to improve their living standards. On the other hand, developed countries have stronger economies and consume more resources than they can regenerate (Hinrichsen and Robey). The environmental sector showed that unclean water is supplied to major part of the population and kills 12 million people annually, majority of the victims are in the developing countries.

Casual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casual Analysis - Essay Example The problem of obesity especially in American South highly relates to the daily lifestyles of people both socially and economically. Hence, the study will focus on the causative analysis on the increase percentage of obesity problem among the American South. Poverty is one of the causative factors of obesity among people living in the American South states. Poverty has a great relationship with the likelihood of a person becoming obese. This is because the poor people mainly focus on eating cheap affordable food despite the food being of low nutritional value and high fat content (Trust for American Health Web). Moreover, most food spots in American South states sell high fat and processed foods. Since such types of food are cheaper as to healthy food budget, most poor families in the South prefer buying fatty foods. Notably, the daily unhealthy consumption of fatty foods increase the fat deposit in the body that may lead to obesity, Lack of exercise significantly contributes to the level of obesity among children and adults in the American South. Remarkably, the low economic standards, most families lead working extra time to meet the daily requirements in the family hence giving the breadwinner almost no time to spend in physical exercises. Moreover, the limited space and playground for children in some of the American South state may also be a contributing factor to lack of exercise among children and adult. Additionally, children from poor families are likely not to participate in organized sports because of lack of funds to cater for transport and expenses incurred during the sporting period. Thus, the unattractiveness of a playground, lack of space and strained budget may lead to lack of exercise among American South people contributing to obesity. Bad eating habits also contribute to the trend of obesity problems experienced in America. Today, people prefer consume sugar-sweetened beverages, food with high calorie density, and processed and fried foods t o healthy food (Trust for American Health Web). This is because most healthy foods are more expensive and less accessible in most food stalls. Therefore, studies indicate that most of American consumes twice the amount of calories daily than the body require. Thus, this poses a threat to getting health related diseases like obesity. Moreover, overeating is an eating disorder that may lead to obesity. For instance, eating too much of carbohydrates and fatty food pose a risk to a person developing obesity complications faster than a person who takes a balanced diet. Therefore, eating disorders may be a contributing factor to obesity trend in most American South states. Genetics is another causative factor that may lead to high rate of obesity problem in American South people. Research has indicated that obesity could be inherent in family because of the functionality of gene deposition. American Association for the Advancement of Science postulates that when two parents are obese, the child is six times likely to become obese and if one parent is obese, there is a double chance for the child to be obese (22). Moreover, most babies born with weight above ten pounds are twice likely to become overweight when growing up. Thus, such statistics could explain on the increased trend of highest obesity conditions in American South states. Since research indicated that more than 50% of the American S

Robert Browning and his poetry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robert Browning and his poetry - Research Paper Example It would appear that Browning was greatly influenced by this review because after Mill’s criticism, he rarely wrote about his own emotions or used a subjective tone in his poetry. As a teenager, Browning was greatly influenced by the poet Percy Shelley. His earliest poetry efforts reflected Shelley’s views and style. Shelley’s writings inspired Browning to be an atheist for a short amount of time. Later he would say that his short-lived atheism was just a phase that he passed through in his life. His first published poem, entitled â€Å"Pauline: A Fragment of Confession† was thought to be inspired by a religious music composer named Eliza Flower. (Liukkonen). In 1969, he wrote what is known as his greatest poem, â€Å"The Ring and the Book,† which was a tribute to his wife Elizabeth who had passed away eight years before. Browning’s first critical praise came after he published â€Å"Paracelsus† in 1835. William Wordsworth and other di stinguished writers praised the poem and thought him a very promising young poet. For the next 30 years, however, a majority of his works were harshly criticized until the late 1860s when he wrote the much praised â€Å"The Ring and the Book.† Later, in 1873, he wrote â€Å"Red Cotton Night – Cap Country.† The Examiner called the work â€Å"the most useful of all the good poems that he has written† (Johnson). Browning’s Work as a Whole Overall, Browning’s poetry could accurately be described as narrative and dramatic. More specifically, his major works are best described as dramatic monologues. A dramatic monologue features a single character narration. The monologue style allows for the audience to judge the narrator’s worth and the value of what he is saying. Also, the narrator is not generally speaking to the audience in this type of poem but merely musing to themselves. In general, Browning’s poetry is difficult to read and understand and, as Encyclopedia Brittanica states, â€Å"certain [Browning] poems require a considerable acquaintance with their subjects in order to be understood† (Brittanica). As mentioned earlier, Browning departed from the self-conscious tone of his first poem and adopted the narrative structure. He is often known for giving the poem’s audience an unanticipated point of view. He also frequently uses irony in his poems and is able to shift the focus of his poems as well. Many Christian themes and sentiments can also be observed in Browning’s work. His poetry also reflects his changing religious views throughout his life. He frequently deals with the topics of love, faith, and death. Also, his works occasionally reveal his uncertainty and skepticism about religion (Johnson). However, by today’s standards they are viewed as quite optimistic as well as spiritual. The rhythm of Browning’s poetry is mostly irregular. He employed a wide variety of m etrical forms in his writing. He was able to create very interesting rhythms and melodies by using these varied metrical forms and rhythms. A good illustration of this technique can be observed by reading the following extract from Browning’s poem Abt Vogler: And one would bury his brow with a blind plunge down to hell, Burrow awhile and build, broad on the roots of things, Then up again swim into sight, having based me my palace well, Founded it, fearless of flame, flat on the nether springs. Browning also wrote

Heart Disease In Women Health And Social Care Essay

Heart Disease In Women Health And Social Care Essay Heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in women across the world Rollini. In the United States, cardiovascular disease Carey, specifically coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death among both men and women [nih coronary heart disease, Rollini]. Death from a cardiac-related event is more common than death from all forms of cancer combined. However, even though more women than men die from coronary heart disease [Carey], heart disease itself is still commonly considered to be a male disease. Historically, medicine has utilized the man as the standard, even when treating women [xhyheri]. Therefore, there is the likelihood that it is under-diagnosed in women. This is because women suffer symptoms and respond to diagnostic testing differently than do men. Women also experience outcomes that are different than those men experience following intervention. Heart disease is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with the term cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease commonly refers to those conditions that involve blocked or narrowed blood vessels that can subsequently lead to heart attack, stroke, or angina. There are other heart conditions that can affect the hearts muscle, beating rhythm, or valves, such as infections, that are also thought of as heart disease [mayoclinic]. Much of heart disease can be treated or prevented by making healthy lifestyle choices, such as a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, and watching how much one drinks. As of present, few studies specifically examine heart disease in women. Women in fact represent less that 30% of study population in the majority of clinical trials [Rollini]. The research that has been conducted has indicated that women are less likely to be diagnosed or treated as well as men [xhyheri]. Additionally, studies have indicated that women react differently to drugs typically prescribed to cardiovascular disease. Additional research involving women, along with gender-specific analysis is needed. This would include the incorporation of more women into cardiac trials as well as into observiational studies, and the usage of statistical techniques that enable testing for certain sex interactions and provide information about differences in response to treatment that are sex-specific. Heart disease in women Heart disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in women. However it is often under-recognized by both patients and providers, as women believe that the major killer and therefore the disease they need to be on the lookout for is cancer. Additionally, heart disease is still in large part considered a male disease, and the main emphasis in heart disease research and clinical practice has gnereally focused on men (Stranges). However, a major shift has occurred recently, with greater recognition of the clinical significance of cardiovascular disease in women [1,5 in Stranges]. The realization of the importance of cardiovascular disease in women has also been accompanied by a growing awareness of differences in risk factors, treatment, preventative strategies, and prognosis of the disease [1, 5, 12-15 in Stranges] between the genders. Some cardio-metabolic risk factors are either unique or more prominent in women than they are in men [5]. For instance, preeclampsia is lined to an increased risk of various cardiovascular outcomes later on in life [17]. Additionally such conditions as autoimmune diseases and depression can contribute in a disproportionate way to cardiovascular risk in women [5, stranges]. The prevalence of a number of traditional risk factors are also different for women than they are for men. For example, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is greater among women in the U.S., primarily as a result of a decrease of level of physical activity as well as a difference in longevity between the genders [2, 5,18 in Stranges]. In fact, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are recognized as very strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women [19]. Additionally, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance may increase the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events following the first acute myocardial infarction, particularly in women [20 stranges]. Hypertension also tends to be higher in older women, which contributes to the greater morbidity and mortality in women from stroke than in men [2, 21 Stranges]. Additionally, atrial fibrillation is a primary risk factor for ischemic stroke in women [5, 21], which has led to the development of management guidelines designed to prevent stroke in women [22]. Epidemiology Heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. In the United States, a woman dies from a heart related episode every minute [Rollini], and despite declining trends seen in many countries over the past 40 years in both men and women, cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of mortality in both men and women [1-3 stranges]. Cardiovascular disease in fact is the cause of a greater number of deaths than all other chronic conditions combined, including cancer, neurodegenerative and respiratory diseases, and accidents [2]. Approximately 1 in every 3 women (34.9%) in the U.S. has some kind of cardiovascular disease. The percentage for men is slightly higher at 37.6% [zhang]. Approximately 1 in every 2.7 women will die of a cardiovascular disease; this is compared with approximately 1 out of every 4.6 women who will die of cancer [1 in zhang] Although age-adjusted mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are higher in men than in women, the total number of cardiovascular disease related deaths has been consistently higher in women than in men for the past two decades, primarily due to a longer life expectancy as well as a larger proportion of elderly women [1,2 stranges]. Additionally, in the United States more hospitalizations occur for heart failure and stroke in women as compared to men [2] Recent evidence indicates an increasing trend in coronary heart disease mortality in younger women. In U.S. women ages 35 44 years of age, coronary heart disease mortality rates have increased an average of 1.3% each year since 1997 [4]. These trends are most likely driven in part by the obesity and diabetes problem in the U.S., but other contributors include a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of hypertension [4]. The escalation in prevalence of large scale cardiovascular disease risk factors in younger adults, primarily hypertension and obesity, as well as the leveling off or possible reversal of cardiovascular mortality trends is happening in the U.S. as well as in areas around the world, including the Mediterranean and Asia. These regions are classically associated with healthier dietary choices and lifestyles (6 -11 stranges] Specific to the disease burden and the specific aspects of cardiobascvular disease in women, the American Heart Association developed evidence-based guidelines specifically for women [12 15 stranges]. The most recent update of these guidelines was published in 2011 [12] and represented a major contribution to the field of cardiovascular disease management. The focus of the guideline shifted from evidence based to effectiveness based, and considered both harms/costs and benefits of preventive intervention [12]. This shift indicates a major evolution from the guidelines revised in 2007, which were based mainly on the clinical benefits of intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention in women [15]. Additionally, the 2011 guidelines introduced ideal cardiovascular health as the lowest risk category, meaning that the presence of ideal levels of cardiovascular risk factors and adoption of a healthy lifestyle is most likely to be associated with favorable outcomes and a nicer quality of life, as well as increased longevity [50]. However, only a very small percentage of U.S. women will be classified as being at ideal cardiovascular health [51]. Differences in short term prognosis and clinical presentation between men and women are evident with cardiovascular disease. Especially in younger women, higher fatality rates have been seen during the 30 days first following an acute cardiovascular event, as compared with younger men [31, 32 stranges]. There has also been an ongoing debate on the reasons cardiovascular disease is managed differently in men and women [33-35], although there has been an improvement in the quality of care and in outcomes for women in recent years who have been hospitalized for cardiovascular disease [36 stranges]. There is some belief that gender disparities are the result of lower awareness of cardiobascular disease risk in women, as well as a delay in emergency services access. However, the gender gap has been reduced over time [37 stranges]. There is still work to be done, though, since very few clinical trials publish results that are sorted by sex. Additionally, researchers frequently utilize historical data in comparing clinical characteristics and treatment in both men and women, and many early trials had an upper cutoff age of 65 years, which excluded many women, since women develop cardiovascular disease on average ten years later than do men. Also of concern is that the demographics of the U.S. and in fact the world are changing, which will mean that practitioners must consider a greater diversity of patients. Added to the well-known classifications of race and geographic origin as well as ethnic origin, there are other facets of diversity that must be considered. These include age, language, literacy, disability, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, occupational status, and culture. Not only do these factors affect how cardiovascular disease presents and progresses, they also often affect the level of care the individual receives. A report done by the Institute of medicine states that differences in treatment in women do exist even when controlling for such factors as comorbidities and insurance status [52 from mosca]. Pervasive disparities in the treatment of cardiovascular problems are a serious public health issue in the U.S. in spite of the marked declines in mortality that have been observed on a national scale over hthe past several decades. These disparities in particular have an adverse impact on the clinical outcomes and quality of life for African American and Hispanic women, a fact which must be recognized by practitioners. Care that is sensitive to cultural difference includes the revision of healcare delivery to meet the specific needs of a patient population that is incredibly diverse. Tehrefore diversity in this context of healthcare means that all individuals must receive equitable care, regardless of any barriers that may exist [57=59 mosca]. The main cause of these barriers to equitable care includes lack of understanding about patients health beliefs, cultural values, and frequently the inability to communicate symptoms accurately in what to many of these women is a foreign language [53-55 mosca] General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment apply across all groups of women; however, it is important to note that risk factors such as hypertension are more prevalent in African American women. Also, diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in Hispanic women [6 from Mosca]. Most notably, the most coronary heart death rates and the greatest overall cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality occur in Aftrican American women. This means that mortality from cardiovascular events in these women is more similar to those seen in men than those seen in other groupings of women. This simply underscores tat need for greater preventative efforts in some groupings of women as well as a different approach taken to diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, an approach more tailored to each specific grouping. Deaths from cardiovascular disease have decreased in all groupings of women. However, Hispanics have the lowest percentage of deaths from cardiovascular events (21.7%) as comared with non-Hispanics (26.3%) [62 mosca]. Hispanics also have a longer life expectancy at 83.1 years compared with the 80.4 year life expectancy for non-Hispanic white women and the 76.2 years for non-Hispanic black women [63 mosca]. This means that cardiovascular complications due to age are a greater consideration for Hispanic women. Age is not only a consideration for Hispanic women, however. The life continuum of women frequently reflects different events that are approached with different levels of stress both physical and mental than those that affect men. These events include such conditions as pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to consider all facets of diversity when practitioners care for women with cardiovascular disease, to avoid a disparity in care [64-66 mosca]. Etiology Cardiovascular disease is largely caused by risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle choices. Many of the causes for most forms of cardiovascular disease can be treated or prevented by making healthy lifestyle changes. These causes include: Pathophysiology of heart disease It is of utmost importance for the practitioner to recognize that womens hearts are different from mens hearts. Whiel this area of study is somewhat new, it is known that women have smaller herats as well as smaller arteries than men. Researchers from Columbia University and NY Presbyterian also believe that women have a different internal rhythmicity to the pace of their hearts, which in general causes the heart of a woman to beat faster than the heart of a man. The researchers also belive that a womans heart may take longer to relax following each beat. Additinoally, some surgeons have hypothesized that the reason that women have a 50% higher chance of dying during heart surgery as compared to men may be related to a fundamental difference in the way a womans heart works. These differences may also be linked to the fact that women are more likely than are men to die after their first myocardial infarction [Ricciotti]. Approximately 25% of men die in the first year following their f irst myocardial infarctino, compared with 38% of women [Krupa online]. Women are also approsimately twice as likely to experience a second myocardial infarction within 6 years of the first. Additionally, women are approximately twice as likely to die following bypass surgery. From Ricciotti online Heart disease itself therefore affects the hearts of women in different ways than it does men. Following a heart attack, a womans heart is more likely to sustain its systolic function effectively. C. Noel Bairey Merz, the Director of the Womens Heart Center at Cedars-Sinai Heart institute, has suggested that this reflects that cardiovascular disease affects the microvasculature in women, while in men it affects the microvasculature [Krupa]. Conventional research has indicated that the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease, where plaques narrow or block the major arteries of the heart, which in turn cuts off the supply of oxygen to the heart. The duration and severity of the impairment determines the severity of the acute event unstable angina or myocardial infarction can result. This ultimately affecst the hearts ability to pump blood correctly. However, Bairey Merz found that womens hearts were much less likely than were mens to lose the ability to pump blood following a myocardial infarction. Additionally, women were much less likely to present with coronary artery disease that was obstructive. This led Bairey Merz to conclude that in women the oxygen deprivation to the heart and the ensuing damage is more likely to happen when the small blood vessels become dysfunctional, as opposed to the major arteries [Krupa-online]. Bairey Merz further believes this is a major reason why women are misdiagnosed or suffer adverse heart events, beause practitioners typically look for the patterns of cardiovascular disease progression that are present in men as opposed to searching for patterns that are present in women. The Womens Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study concurred and has indicated that women may experience chest pain and abnormal stress testing even when there is no critical, flow limiting lesion (>50% luminal stenosis in a coronary artery) present in one of the major arteries. In this study, 60% of women who underwent coronary angiography did not have a lesion present. Even without experiencing critical blood flow problems, women in the study without lesions experienced persistent symptoms. The persistence of the symptoms, combined with abnormal stress testing results was therefore attributed to endothelial dysfunction and disease affecting the microvasculature. A number of factors may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and disease affecting the microvasculature. Hypertension, LDL cholesterol, diabetes, the chemicals in tobacco, circulating vasoactive amines, and infections can all contribute. Women are not beyond danger regarding plaque and disruption of forward blood flow in the arteries, however. This is primarily because women have smaller coronary arteries than do men, even after correcting for total body surface area [7 Kusnoor]. Therefore, anything that affects flow may prove to be critical. Additionally, women are two times more likely than men to have plaque erosion with subsequent blood clot formation [8 kusnoor]. From Kusnoor online bookmarked Risk Factors From Schenk-Gustaffsen Risk factors for heart disease are roughly the same for both sexes; however, gender specific differences are present (Rollini). There are some unique risk factors that exist for women; older age at presentation is a major risk factor, as women are more likely to suffer from comorbities, including diabetes and hypertension. Given the fact that 6 out of every 10 deaths [schenk] from cardiovascular disease in women can be prevented, it is extremely important to understand the risk factors associated with the disease in women. According to the InterHeart study [2 schenck] there are nine factors that are responsible for 90% of all cardiovascular disease cases. These factors are: Smoking Stress Dyslipidemia Diabetes Hypertension Obesity Poor diet, particularly one that does not include sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables Physical inactivity Consumption of alcohol in excess The same cardiovascular risk factors have been used in risk calculations for the past 40 years, despire increasing knowledge regarding gender differences and the disease. Ridker et al [schenck, find ref] suggested in 2007 to use the Reynolds scoring system for women. This suggestion is based on a 10 year study of data from the Womens Health Study for cardiovascular events in 25,558 women, all over 45 years of age. The conclusion was that this scoring system predicted cardiovascular disease risk in women better than classical scoring systems. Modifiable Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important risk factors, and coronary heart disease mortality is 3 5 times higher in those women who are diabetic as compared to those who are not diabetic. In contrast, the risk is only 2 3 times higher in men who are diabetic. Women also have a 3 5 times higher chance than men of developing cardiovascular disease to begin with [30 schenck]. Higher glucose levels as well as insulin resistance serve to counter the protective effects of estrogen, which places women at this higher risk [Johnson]. Cardiovascular events are the primary cause of death, particularly in type II diabetes. The Nurses Health Study indicated that coronary heart disease mortality in women who have diabetes was 8.7 times higher than non-diabetics [31 schenck]. An additional danger is that women who are diabetic develop cardiovascular disease earlier, at approximately the same age men do. Why this is the case is currently unknown [33]. Diabetes is largely preventable or well- controlled through making healthy dietary and fitness decisions, sometimes in tandem with medication. Cigarette smoking is a very significant risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. Smoking in women prompts more negative cardiovascular and lung consequences than does smoking in men. One potential reason for this may be that the dimensions of the coronary arteries and the lungs are smaller in women than in men; therefore, a woman smoking the same amount as a man would do more damage to her body. Women who are less than 55 years of age have 7 times increase in risk attributable to smoking than do men, and the increase in risk depends on dose. It is undisputable that smoking predisposes the individual to atherosclerosis [24, 25 schenck]. The Nurses Health Study, which examined more than 120,000 haelthy nurses, indicated that only 4 5 cigarettes a day nearly doubled the risk, and 20 cigarettes a day compounded the risk 6 times [26 schenck]. Smoking has declined a bit in men; however smoking in women has not declined at the same rate, particularly in younger women. This can lea d to significant vascular problems later on in life. Further, individuals who are routinely exposed to second hand smoke see a 25% increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is not simply direct smoking that causes the problem. Additionally, smoking combined with other factors such as use of contraceptives containing estrogen multiplies risk for cardiovascular events and for clot formation [ROllini]. Hormonal contraception is in fact contraindicated for women over 35 years of age who smoke as a result of the multiplied risk. Refraining from smoking lessens the risk of developing heart disease and helps reduce potential cardiovascular risk factors. Alcohol consumption poses a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. A moderate intake may be protective to the heart, but too much alcohol is harmful [45, 46 schenck]. The type of alcohol consumed is not as crucial as are the drinking patterns. Low to moderate daily intake may be protective, whereas conversely binge drinking can be harmful to the heart. If a patient has already experienced a first myocardial infarction, it is not necessarily a bad thing to continue drinking moderately. However, it is also not necessarily recommended that patients start drinking in search of the protective benefits of alcohol consumption following a first myocardial infarction [schenck]. Light to moderate drinking is defined as defined as one standard drink for women per day and two per day for men. The difference exists because men and women metabolize alcohol differently; specifically women metabolize slower than do men. A standard drink is defined as 12 grams of alcohol; this is equival ent to 15 cl of wine. It is well established that there is an association between LDL cholesterol and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Individuals who reduce their LDL cholesterol also reduce their risk for cardiovascular disease. Further, this reduction in combination with raising their HDL cholesterol serves to further reduce risk. A study conducted by the Lipid Research Clinic indicated that low HDL cholesterol in women was the most significant predictor of death from ischemic heart disease [12 schenck]. It has been shown that having low HDL levels affects women more than it does men [16 schenck], so it is important that practitioners encourage the reversal of low HDL. Hypertension is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis that included data from more than 1 million adults ages 40 69 indicated that an increase of 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic in an individuals normal blood pressure doubles the mortality from coronary heart disease [22 schenck]. There is a 3 times increase in coronary heart disease as well as stroke in women with >185 mmHg systolic when compared to women who are less than 135 mmHg systolic [23 schenck]. The way hypertension is treated is currently the same in both emn and women. Most of the time, pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes is the preferred treatment. A sedentary lifestyle and obesity pose a significant risk as well. Obesity is more common in women (35.5% ) than in men (32.2%), and 27% of women are obese [1 schenck]. People who are active and regularly exercise their heart muscle are at a much lower risk of developing heart disease. In particular, obese women are more likely to also have metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome or Syndrome X than are lean women, which multiplies risk [Johnson]. Exercise and physical fitness play a big role, and lack of physical activity is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. One study found that less fit individuals experiences a 4.7 times increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction, independent of other risk factors [37 schenck]. The beneficial effects of exercise are not as great in women as they are in men; women experience smaller increases in HDL resulting from similar exercises as men [38 schenck]. The Nurses Health Study has indicated though, that two aspects are particularly beneficial to women, namely that brisk walking delivered the same benefits as did vigorous exercise, and women who had previously been sedentary experienced benefits that were similar to those who had exercised earlier in life. This means that it is better to exercise late than to never do so. The recommended amount of exercise is 30 minutes of exercise daily. Diet. A poor diet is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to have beneficial effects on alleviating cardiovascular disease risk. The diet has a high proportion of fruits and vegetables, and has a positive impact on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and myocardial infarction [47 schenck]. One study of 600 men and women who were randomized into either a group using the Mediterranean diet or a control group indicated that after 27 months a marked difference was found in mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular disease as well as total mortality in favor of the Mediterranean diet [48 schenck]. The mechanisms behind this are multiple, with the recommendation that diet always be combined with other changes to lifestyle, such as exercise or medication. The effects are likely the same in women as in men, but there has not been much gender specific research into why the Mediterranean diet proves beneficial [49, 50 schenck] Depression serves as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, particularly if the patient is also taking antidepressant medication. Mood in general is a risk factor, particularly if the individual experiences a high level of stress on a consistent basis. As compared to other risk factors, psychosocial variables are much more difficult to define or to measure objectively. Nonetheless, there are several different aspects within the broad definition of psychosocial factors that are currently associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. These aspects include work and family stress, lack of control, low socioeconomic status, negative life events, and a poor social support system. These aspects, along with depression, affect the risk of ischemic heart disease as well as the prognosis. There are several studies that show a clear correlation between stress and cardiovascular disease. One study indicated that family stress including marital stress increases t he risk of ischemic heart disease [41 schenck]. Another study indicated that work stresses as well as home stresses were more common in those patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction, and that stress represented 30% of the individuals total risk [42 schenck]. Where depression is involved, it has been found that both women and men tend to get more depressed following myocardial infarction [43, 44 schenck]. This increases the risk of a second myocardial infarction. It is important to note regarding depression that more women experience depression than men, and it is therefore a more important risk factor in women. Recent evidence indicates that sleep deprivation and disturbances may be associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly in women [23 stranges]. Three independent studies have indicated an association between increased hypertension and sleep deprivation. This phenomenom occurred only in women [24 26 stranges]. These findings are particularly significant because sleep disturbances and deprivation are more common in women than in men in both developed as well as developing countries [27, 28 stranges] Non-modifiable Genetics. Congenital heart disease is something the individual is born with. However, an individual may also have a genetic predisposition to develop certain cardiovascular problems, as seen through examining family history of heart disease. In the latter, a predisposition does not mean the individual is guaranteed to develop the specific cardiovascular problem they are predisposed to; healthy lifestyle choices such as eating well, not using alcohol to excess, not smoking, and exercising regularly can go a long way toward fighting genetic predisposition. It is interesting to note that simply having a family history of the disease can lead to stress and disruption in mood for some individuals, both risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In one study that examined data collected from 60 women and 31 men who averaged 21.4 years of age it was found that a family history impacts stress responsivity, which can contribute to future heightened cardiovascular disease risk [wright]. Menopause poses a risk for coronary heart disease in women because the reduced production of estrogen leads to worsening of coagulation, vasculature, and the lipid profile. Early menopause in particular is a known risk factor; results of a study utilizing the Womens Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) indicate that estrogen deficiency poses a very strong risk factor for coronary heart disease [8, from Rollini] Endothelial dysfunction frequently occurs post-menopause. Its detection can precede more overt diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. One study indicated [13 Rollini] of women without hypertension development of endothelial dysfunction was linked with hypertension. Over the next four years. Another study indicated [14 Rollini] and examining a cohort ofeuglycemic women who were not obese, marked endothelial dysfunction at the baseline was linked with development of diabetes. Also over the next four years. Further, in postmenopausal women with hypertension changes in endothelial function that occur as a result of antihypertensives may be used to identify women who have a better prognosis [15 Rollini]. Metabolic syndrome is a complicated condition that involves hypertension, low HDL levels, elevated LDL levels, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and elevated triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome has a marked roll in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in menopausal women. Further, there is a strong link between metabolic syndrome and depression. Depression is a commonly known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Age. As women advance in age, they are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, and in particular it is more likely that women will have one or more comorbidity associated with cardiovascular disease risk, such as diabetes or obesity. Kidney disease increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in women more than men. Resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for patients who have known cardiovascular disease as well as for those with acute myocardial infarction [133-135, 136-140]. Women possess a lower resting sympathetic output than do men, but after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, women have greater sympathe