Global running and competitive status study of Shire plc 187 Essay

Worldwide running and serious status investigation of Shire plc 187 - Essay Example With around 15 brands working under the umbrella of Shire Plc the organization has upgraded their commercial center as well as differentiated their business tasks (Shire, 2014). As of late Biopharmaceuticals Company AbbVie picked assuming control over Shire Plc and after various reevaluations and arrangements between both the associations the arrangement was canceled. The underlying proposal of AbbVie was  £27.3 billion which was then expanded to $54.8 billion (Bennett and Chen, 2014). Be that as it may, given the adjustments in the US Tax Inversion process, AbbVie retreated from the merger procedure for which they should pay a sum of $1.6 billion to Shire Plc as separation charge. Following this adjustment in their vital exercises, Shire Plc encountered a lofty fall of 27% in their offer costs (Yahoo Finance, 2014). The objective market of Shire Plc is patients experiencing conduct wellbeing, gastrointestinal issues and other uncommon maladies (Shire, 2014). Shire Plc has additionally built up a decent brand an incentive in the market of regenerative meds. The objective markets chose by Shire Plc hold the absolute biggest buyer portions in the human services and pharmaceutical industry (Angell, 2004). One of the center abilities of the organization is the decent variety in their client contributions. The intriguing reality about the administration procedure of Shire Plc is that all their business achievement has basically originated from their mergers, acquisitions and partnerships (Market Line, 2014). The capacity to incorporate the different societies with the hierarchical strategic vision has picked up them an exceptional upper hand that gives both expense and separation points of interest over their rivals. Be that as it may, Shire Plc is still to a great extent subject to their Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) drugs for creating market income while different classes, for example, prescriptions identified with Gastrointestinal or Hereditary Angioedema are as yet not ready to

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay A medication conveyance framework can be characterized as the component for the presentation of medication and other remedial specialists into the body for treating any malady. A perfect medication conveyance framework has two components: (1) the capacity to target - to guarantee high proficiency and lessen the symptoms, (2) controlled medication discharge (3) anticipation of reactions [8]. Utilizing nanomaterials for tranquilize conveyance NDD (nanoparticle sedate conveyance) has the accompanying points of interest: decreased medication harmfulness better infiltration of the particles distinctive conveyance courses limits the aggravation responses improved bio-accessibility and expanded course time controlled medication discharge and focusing on It is one of the Green Technology techniques as the attention is on limiting the risk symptoms and amplifying the productivity of any substance (sedate) of decision and supplanting the current items with new nanoparticles that are benevolent all through their lifecycle[8],[7]. QUANTUM DOTS FOR NDDS: NDDS implies Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. A framework with high affectability, enormous goals, and minimal effort is required for the upkeep of medication conveyance for example to check the nanocarrier conveyance, tranquilize discharge and corruption inside the body. Quantum Dots are profoundly appropriate for such systems.[1] The significant qualities of Quantum spots which make them reasonable for medicate conveyance frameworks are: little size, adaptability of surface science to consolidate different medications, exceptional optical properties for continuous checking of medication transport and discharge both at fundamental and cell levels. These Quantum Dots can be utilized as bearers by coordinating with numerous medications and furthermore utilized as labels for other medication transporters. [6] WHY QUANTUM DOTS One of the significant reasons why Quantum Dots are favored is that it very well may be utilized for the discernible medication conveyance as it can possibly clarify the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the medication) and pharmacodynamics (what the medication does to the group) of medication when it is brought into our body [6]. Utilizing QDs will be a blend of one of a kind physical, substance, and optical properties which assists with examining the associations of these nanocarriers with natural frameworks through continuous observing and ascertaining the biodistribution of nanoparticle, sedate discharge, intracellular take-up and debasement [5]. Contrasting with the traditional imaging methods like MRI and PET, the optical imaging utilizing Quantum Dots is profoundly delicate with high goals and at modest cost which will naturally prompt the decrease of time engaged with the advancement of new medication and numerous disclosures in the field [6]. Points of interest OF USING QDs Optical imaging with high goals, high affectability, multiplexing, and minimal effort Little size which prompts less measure of medication use and low medication harmfulness Adaptable surface science, Improved bioavailability and conveyance of medication in a controlled and continued way Diminished frequency of reactions and improve persistent consistence Looking at other ordinary tests, QDs are progressively safe which permits following cell forms for longer timeframes and which will prompt disclosure of new atomic communications Quantum spots have size dependant emanation which can be altered by our prerequisite (from UV to IR run) Fluorescence is seen for longer time when contrasted with traditional colors. The very little size gives them incredible adaptability by permitting them utilizing diverse conveyance courses eg. they can be infused as fluid blends, textures, and polymer.[7] PROPERTIES OF QDs A portion of the properties of Quantum Dots that are utilized to look at nanocarrier conduct in natural frameworks are: ([2], [5],[7]) Little size: size possibly around 2-10 nm in width that empowers labeling of medication/bearers. Single or multi-part frameworks can be marked for following and observing Surface science: similarity with different medication bearers coordinating a wide scope of nanoparticle tranquilize transporter framework. Emanation profile: recognizing quantum dabs by its sharp limited discharge top permits concurrent perception of different nanocarriers inside an equivalent framework. High splendor: discovery of QDs inside body encourages the following of nanocarriers in vivo. High photostability: QDs are increasingly impervious to photobleaching that empowers long haul continuous following. QUANTUM DOTS AS NANOCARRIERS Quantum Dots are considered as bearers and the restorative medication particles are straightforwardly connected to them to be conveyed to the objective destinations. Here it fills in as both vehicle conveying the medication and following test utilized for the constant observing. In medicate conveyance, size of the Quantum Dots is considered as a significant parameter. The size of QDs fluctuates from 2 10 nm, and it increments to 5 20 nm in distance across after medication epitome. It ought to be noticed that QDs of size littler than 5 nm are evacuated during the time spent renal filtration and those particles greater is size have issues in entering through the tissues and numerous greater particles are cleared out before they could arrive at their goal. Another significant attributes of QDs to be considered for medicate conveyance is the proportion of surface-to-volume. In the event that this proportion is high, at that point numerous transporters can be connected on single QDs without changing the normal distance across of the nanocarrier framework. In this manner the proportion of surface-to-volume ought to be high. Fig.1 A Multifunctional Quantum Dot covered with Amphiphillic Polymer [6] The above figure shows that QD goes about as center auxiliary hydrophobic framework and the amphiphillic polymer is covered outside the center. The medication particles which are hydrophobic in nature are installed between the center and the polymer covering. What's more, those hydrophilic restorative particles can be fused on the amphiphillic covering. Various layers of ligands can be connected in resulting layers not straightforwardly connected to the QD center yet to the past layers of covering and is constrained by them. These nanocarriers likewise ensure the helpful particle or proteins utilized from the bodys own insusceptible framework resistance component by typifying them inside themselves. [6] Yamomoto et al researched on utilizing quantum spots to treat stroke in and revealed that the nanocarriers QD captopril conjugates were equipped for bringing down circulatory strain in rodents. Be that as it may, it was not known whether the helpful impact of bringing pressure was expected down to the conjugate or the disconnected medication from the quantum spots. [6]. Not just medications, other helpful atoms like little meddling RNA, oligodeoxynucleotide and biomolecules for example antibodies, peptides can likewise be fused into the nanocarriers. siRNA conveyance utilizing quantum spots was accounted for by Bhatia et al. siRNA moleculeas were effectively conveyed utilizing focused on nanocarriers on account of the size similitude among QDs and siRNA. Though bigger particles like plasmid will require numerous QDs for effective conveyance. [6] Mn-doped ZnS Qds exemplified with glycopolypeptide were manufactured for the medication conveyance. Portrayal and in vitro investigations were done to demonstrate the low cytotoxicity of the nanocarriers and it was acceptable exertion for the focused on medicate conveyance [4]. QUANTUM DOTS AS TAGS FOR OTHER DRUG CARRIERS Because of the novel properties of Quantum Dots, they are utilized as labels to mark other medication bearers and are utilized as recognizable medication conveyance. The high photostability helps in the ongoing following of the nanocarrier inside the body. Thusly solid fluorescence signal demonstrates higher take-up of medication by the phones. The frequency of the produced signal relies upon the size of the Quntum Dots utilized. Along these lines it is quite certain to the QDs and in this manner synchronous nanocarriers can be utilized and the signs can be effortlessly distinguished. Chen et al. announced about their work of siRNA conveyance with QD conjugated with Lipofectamine. The outcomes demonstrated that fluorescence power of QD is corresponding to the level of hushing for example in the event that lipoplex take-up is more than the fluorescence will be more grounded. [6] Another work done by Zhang et al. announced the union of QD-chitosan conjugate nanobeads for the conveyance of siRNA. It was effectively followed on account of the conjugation with QDs. [6] Amphipol nanocpmplex were set up for the ongoing imaging of siRNA by Lifeng et al. it was conveyed intracellularly and imaged in a constant example. [12] Combination AND CHARACTERIZATION There are numerous methods of getting ready Quantum Dots. A portion of the prominent procedure of manufacturing QDs are Lithography, Colloidal amalgamation, Epitaxial techniques, some substance strategies [2],[10]. By and large NDDS is set up in the accompanying advances: These days numerous non-harmful semiconductor QDs are utilized for the medication conveyance. Consider for instance ZnO. It is a non-poisonous semiconductor when contrasted with other Quantum Dots, for example, CdS, CdTe. These QDs can be joined with biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to expand the strength and non-immunogenicity of the nanocarriers. It likewise shields the nanocarriers from the obstruction of other associating atoms inside organic condition. Chitosan is a characteristic copolymer which on epitome improves the quantum specks properties like dissolvability in water, metal chelation and simple preparing and biocompatibility [3]. Portrayal examines like TEM, UV-VIS, PL spectroscopy, FTIR, Drug discharge reaction test are done after the amalgamation. TEM is utilized to discover the size scope of the created QD. PL and PLE spectra give data about the outflow spectra. FTIR affirms the fuse of the medication into the QD and Drug discharge reaction test gives the measure of medication discharged and tells about the kind of medication conveyance. [10], [3]. End: Quantum Dots will be the fate of medication conveyance frameworks if the main disadvantage has been disposed of. The main hindrance in utilizing Quantum Dots is their drawn out poisonousness. This can be overwhelmed by supplanting the center of the QD with biocompatible operators like gold or attractive

6 Awesome Anthologies in Paperback

6 Awesome Anthologies in Paperback If youre like me, when you hear anthology you probably think of Norton editions and  Best American  collections; you might even get flashbacks to college lit courses. But anthologies go far beyond academia, and several new collections published recently are going to change your mindâ€"and  turn you into  an anthology enthusiast. Like their single-authored cousin, the short-story collection, anthologies are finally getting their day in the sun. The best part about anthologies is how they bring together a diverse array of experiences, highlighting a range of voices on the same topic or theme. If one essay or short story doesnt speak to you in that moment, the next one will. Anthologies are particularly great if you dont have a ton of time to devote to one longer story. These collections are perfect for a quick read on your commute or in the doctors office.  And they are an excellent way to discover new-to-you authors! Below are a few recent collections, both  fiction and nonfiction, that are guaranteed to make you fall in love with anthologies. The Fire This Time: A New Generation Speaks about Race, edited by Jesmyn Ward Jesmyn Ward’s collection on race in America has to be at the top of this list. The contributors she has assembled all offer powerful and important perspectives, addressing history, current events, and the future in the form of essays, memoir, and poetry. Amazon calls it a surprise NYT bestseller, but its no surprise to fans of Ward and the authors assembled in this collection. I will be returning to reread this collection many, many times over the next few years. Nasty Women: Feminism, Resistance, and Revolution in Trumps America, edited by Samhita Mukhopadhyay and Kate Harding This anthology tackles head-on the misogyny, racism, ableism, and other forms of hatred favored by Donald Trumpâ€"and supported by the people who voted for him. It features both well-known and emerging contributors who represent diverse communities, including perspectives from people of color, LGBTQ communities, religious minorities, and many others. This uplifting response to the ongoing oppression elevated by the 2016 election is a must-readâ€"even if politics aren’t your jam. Here We Are: Feminism for the Real World, edited by Kelly Jensen This collection (from our own Kelly Jensen!) brings together writers, dancers, actors, and artists who contribute not only essays but also lists, poems, comics, and illustrations. I love the creativity of contributions! The book covers a range of topicsâ€"including body positivity, romance, gender identity, intersectionality, and fandomsâ€"to offer readers a variety of paths toward claiming their own feminism. Welcome Home: An Anthology on Love and Adoption, edited by Eric Smith Eric Smith’s (also of Book Riot!) collection of short stories around adoption is a great example of how focusing on a specific theme can be really insightful and fascinating, because you see such a wide range of experiences and thoughts on one specific topic. The Young Adult authors featured in this collection also employ creative formats in their stories, incorporating emails, blog entries, and journals, and these fictional offerings show the complexities and diversity of experience around being adopted. As a reader who was not adopted, it’s really exciting to understand, just a little bit better, how adoptees find their families and homes in this worldâ€"and to know how powerful it is for those who are adopted to see themselves reflected in so many different stories. Scratch: Writers, Money, and the Art of Making a Living, edited by Manjula Martin Should writers focus on art or business? In Manjula Martin’s collection, this debate develops new nuance as it explores the nature of both art for its own sake and art as a form of commerce. The contributors approach the same topic in myriad ways, offering well-rounded perspectives on the age-old tension between money and beauty. It’s a great example of how to illuminate a single topic in dozens of different lights, and how to write for an audience beyond just writersâ€"it’s great for anyone pursuing a labor of love, particularly in a creative field. My Mother She Killed Me, My Father He Ate Me: Forty New Fairy Tales, edited by Kate Bernheimer Who doesnt love modern twists on fairy tales? Kate Bernheimer brings together well-known authors to take on classic fairy tale tropes, with stories just as likely to feature magical animals as murderous husbands. Fairy tales can be both whimsical and dark, and this collection encapsulates that breadth very well. It’s perfect for fans of The Merry Spinster by Daniel Mallory Ortberg. What anthologies do you recommend?

Importance Of Lentiviral Integration Into The Host Genome

Retroviral integration into the host genome is not random and varies dramatically across genera. Lentiviral HIV-1 has been shown to exhibit strong integration site preferences within active gene units, whereas gammaretroviral MLV exhibits a strong preference for enhancers and transcription start sites (Lewinski et al., 2006; Schrà ¶der et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2003). These biases have been attributed to interaction of IN in the context of the pre-integration complex with their cognate host cell factors (Craigie and Bushman, 2014; Debyser et al., 2015; Kvaratskhelia et al., 2014). For example, cellular chromatin associated protein lens epithelial-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) interacts with HIV-1 IN and directs lentiviral integration†¦show more content†¦Alpharetroviruses such as ALV exhibit a distinct integration pattern with seemingly random distribution of integration sites throughout chromatin and with only a slight preference for integrating into gene regions (Barr et al., 2005; Mitchell et al., 2004; Narezkina et al., 2004; Withers-Ward et al., 1994). To understand how ALV integration is regulated by host cellular factors, we have performed affinity capture of the ALV IN protein followed by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics experiments to identify protein binding partners. Using this approach we identified structure specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) and suppressor of Ty 16 (Spt16), the components of the heterodimeric FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex (Orphanides et al., 1999), as the top protein hits that specifically bound to ALV but not HIV-1 IN. The FACT complex is a highly conserved general histone chaperone protein that is essential for transcription and DNA replication (Abe et al., 2011; Belotserkovskaya and Reinberg, 2004; Orphanides et al., 1998). The complex has also been shown to play important roles in DNA damage responses, centromere deposition, recombination and DNA methylation (Ikeda et al., 2011; Kumari et al., 2009; Okada et al., 2009; Oliveira et al., 2014). The FACT complex is thought to destabilizeShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Gene Therapy Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagestherapy has emerged as an alternative therapeutic option. However, there have been concerns regarding the treatment’s long term safety due to the high occurrence of insertional mutations leading to activation of proto-oncogenes caused by random integration of retroviral vectors (1). The study conducted by Braun et al. showed that although hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for WAS is a feasible and effective therapeutic option, the use of -retroviral vectors comes with a substantial risk of leukemogenesisRead MoreEssay about Priotities of Gene Therapy2802 Words   |  12 Pagesthe effect of these investments, a special panel was set up by the National Institute of Health. Report and recommendations of the panel released in December 1995 summarized the recent progress of research in gene therapy. It also stated that the importance of this research for clinical medicine has been greatly overestimated by the scientists and industry, and further exaggerated by scientific press and mass media. According to the report, scientific evidence of consistent improvement in patients

Andrew Wakefield - Unethical Research - 882 Words

Andrew Wakefield - Unethical Research Vanessa Terrazas RES351 December 7, 2011 Paul Worthey Andrew Wakefield - Unethical Research Ethics are custom to every day living. Recognizing ethics in his or her research is vital. â€Å"The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities† (Cooper amp; Schindler, 2011, Chapter 2, Ethics in Business Research). Andrew Wakefield, a British doctor, was accused of acting unethically during his 1998 research report, the Lancet. The General Medical Council (GMC) ruled that Wakefield was dishonest and irresponsible during his research and he had a complete disregard for the children in his study. His behavior caused fear in†¦show more content†¦Wakefield carelessly carried out aggressive test on the children under his care and had no concern for the children or how they would be affected. His study also spread panic and insecurity about the vaccine along with causing parents of children with autism to feel guiltiness and blamed their selves for their kids’ illness. Wakefieldâ€⠄¢s unethical researcher has affected people all around the world. Britain vaccination rates, along with United States, plummetedShow MoreRelatedChildhood Vaccinations And The Dangers1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of childhood vaccinations and the dangers that accompany them has been a topic of controversy in contemporary times. At the near edge of the twenty-first century, a man named Doctor Andrew Wakefield released a study which created a mass uproar in both parents and health professionals alike. Parents were panicked as to whether or not they should have their young child vaccinated (in fear of their acquiring autism), and health professionals fearful that the population percentage of peopleRead MoreInformative Speech : Vaccinations Should Be Viewed As Essential For Protection Of Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesPresentation Rationale Purpose: The intended purpose of this presentation is to provide facts and scientific research that persuades the audience members regarding the use of vaccinations. My intention is that the audience will support the use of vaccinations and consider the facts before making decisions that affect the entire community. My central idea is that inaccurate data exists with regards to vaccination; instead, that vaccinations should be viewed as essential for protection of societyRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Immunization1113 Words   |  5 Pagesall vaccinations for their children. The following paragraphs will include an anylsis uncovering what has caused a decrease in vaccinations of children, as well as, exploring what effects this has had on the community. When observing statsically research over the past two decades there seems to be two consistent themes for reasonings behind forgoing vaccinations of children which will be discussed later. However, these two reasonings might shed light on the topic and help explain the existence ofRead MoreThe Benefits Of Vaccination772 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Food and Drug Administration. Despite the beneficial of vaccines, small groups  are both vocal and skeptical about the use of vaccines. They believe that vaccines cause autism, even with the research that has contradicted the notion. It shows that public people can be deceived by biased and unethical medical reports without questioning the findings. Despite this, vaccines give the best protection against a number of diseases and have no relation to autism. There are several health benefits ofRead MoreVaccine Of The Vaccine Autism Connection1317 Words   |  6 Pagesvaccinate your child. In today’s society this has become a tough choice to make as negative light has been casted upon vaccinations and their safety. False allegations of vaccines causing Autism have led parents from vaccinating their children, but research has proven that vaccinations are not the cause of Autism and parents should continue to vaccinate for the safety of their child as well as society. For thousands of years, diseases have taken the lives of millions of people, wiping out towns andRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Behind Vaccine Refusal1261 Words   |  6 Pagescompleted by Andrew Wakefield in 1993 saying the MMR vaccine caused autism and bowel disease. In Wakefield’s study, he tested 12 children who had grown up with normal development who presented a loss of acquired skills after receiving the Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccine. According to the study, â€Å"Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two)† (Wakefield). It was later found that these diagnoses were false and Wakefield hadRead MoreVaccines And Autism : Do Vaccines Cause Autism?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthe cause of this increase. Some say the increase is due to better diagnostics and more awareness (Gerber, 2009) (Rimland, 2009). Still others cling to the theory that the MMR vaccination is the cause of autism (Goldschmidt, 2014). Throughout research done on the possible link between vaccines and autism, there have been three hypotheses: (1) the combination MMR vaccine causes autism by damaging the intestinal lining, which allows the entrance of encephalopathic proteins; (2) thimerosal, an ethylmercury-containingRead MoreToday In The World Humans Have The Lowest Death Rate To1304 Words   |  6 PagesMMR Vaccine got bowel diseases more often, but a link was brought up with autism. So who or what was it that brought up the link? Andrew Wakefield along with his colleagues studied a dozen children with inflammation in their intestines and supposedly found that eight of the twelve children had autism after the MMR Vaccine, and not before the vaccine; thus, â€Å"Wakefield speculated that the measles virus in the MMR vaccine made its way to the child s gut, ‘leaked’ through the gut, entered the brainRead MoreThe Elaboration Likelihood Theory, Central Route942 Words   |  4 Pagescentral route would research this idea, autism being caused by vaccines. By researching the logistics of the information, the parent would determine that not only was the lone study not factual, but it did not even state vaccines caused autism, but a type of vaccines caused autism (also not factual). The parent would learn that the researcher was discrediting the MMR vaccine, because he uses different method that was losing favor, individual shots. Andrew Wakefield used unethical methods on his patientsRead MoreThe Anti Vaccination Movement : Vaccines Are Dangerous Or Ineffective?2514 Words   |  11 Pagesavailable research indicates that almost all of the arguments used by anti-vaccination advocates are a result of either misunderstandings or flat out misinformation. Perhaps the most common argument against vaccination, that vaccines cause autism, is one that has not only been proven false, but also originates from a falsified study that has since been retracted. In 1998, a research paper written by Andrew Wakefield and various co-authors was published by the Lancet in which Wakefield claimed to

Short Term and Long Term Financing Free Essays

Short Term Finance What is Short Term Financing? Short term financing is basically refers to additional money for a business which requires for running its business for short terms which is usually a period of one year. There are some sources of short term finance which are as following:- Overdraft Overdraft bank basically means a facility that the bank provides to its customers where the customer is given permission to draw money from the banks in surplus of their balance in their heir bank accounts. When taking overdraft from the bank, the account must be zero to get extras extension of money and the interest rate will be very high and we have to pay back the bank in a very short period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Term and Long Term Financing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trade Credit Trade credit refers to buying products and servicers of a business which needs in the course of its business on credit, depending on the trade practices prevalent in a particular industry, the nature of the business relationship between the supplier and the company may give a different time period to pay the products and services they buy from different suppliers. Exactly as companies get their credit from their suppliers, they must also give credit to their customers. The customers are given 50 to 60 days to pay up the bills. After 60 days, interest will be applied on the customers. If the customers are unable to pay, the will be asked for installment plan. Bank Loans Bank Loan means loans which are given to banks which need to repaid their installment over a fixed period of time which may be short or long term period. Even though it is called bank loans, these loans can be move forward by banks or other financial institution. Usually loans like this are generally given for a certain reason such as purchases of capital equipment. Advantages/ Disadvantages of Short Term Finance Short term financing is a method to raise funds which involves financial responsibility that is needed to be repaid within a year or less. Short term financing is flexible and a fast way for companies to obtain working capital for their daily operations. The main disadvantage is that a company may be too dependent on short term funds and threatened to high banking fees and interest rate. This will may affect the profit margins. Speed Short-term loans can be achieved much fast and easier compared to long-term financing. Lenders will not make through an examination of the company’s account for short-term lending compared to the case they do for long-term loans. Medium size companies do not have large amount of cash and are vulnerable to sudden financial shocks such as non-payment by a key debtor. Flexibility Small companies usually have seasonal variations in the cash and need access to capital over that period. Overdraft protection is one of the form of short term finance where the bank agrees to pay the company’s cash withdrawals, checks, and electronic debits to a certain limit. The lender will charge a fee for this facility on any balance outstanding. The cost of short term finance may be lesser compared to the long term finance where the cost may be higher. Drawback to this type of short-term finance flexibility is that the bank can withdraw the overdraft protection in a short notice. Risk Market circumstances, such as retreat, may cost the small businesses into borrowing a large amount on a short term basis. Short term finance can be a risk factor for the borrower A short term loan can be renewed by the lender on a certain terms than the original contract. This does not only cause the businesses to face a high cost of capital, it may not be able to service the amount of debt collected. This will put the company in a weak position where it could cause the company to be bankrupt. Management Lenders who extend their short term financing does not involve themselves in the business decisions about capital investment. Long-term finance is associate by the number of provisions, such as caps on the salaries of the companies principals or limits on other financial arrangements, which will restrict the business actions. Long-term Finance What is long-term finance? Long term finance is basically holding an asset for a long period of time. Providing the type of security and a long-term asset can be hold as short as 1 year or as long as 25 years or more. Long-term finance also means funding which are obtained for a time frame exceeding the duration of one year. When business borrows money from a bank using long term finance methods, it will be expecting the loan to be paid back more than one year. Example, making payments on a 20 year mortgage. Long -term finance are usually for expansion of new markets, purchases of assets such as machinery, land and buildings and business growth through the acquisition of other businesses or properties. Its types of long term finance are as following :- Venture capital Venture capital is becoming an increasingly important source of finance for growing companies. Venture capitalists are generally very wealthy groups of companies or individuals which specifically set up for investment in developing companies. Venture capitalists are usually on the look out for companies with have potential. They are ready to offer money to help businesses to grow, in return the venture capitalist get some ownership of the company as well as share in the profits made. Venture capitalists usually are prepared to take projects which have a high risk and which some banks might not wan to get involve in. The advantage of this might be heavier because the possibility of the businesses losing some of their independence in making a decision. Example of venture capitalists who are also called as private equity firms are Hermes Private Equity Debentures If a company wants to borrow a big amount of money for a long but fixed period of time, it can borrow from the general public by issuing loan certificates called Debentures. The total amount borrowed is divided into units of fixed amount. These are debentures are usually offered to the public to subscribe in the same manner as it is done in the case of shares. A debenture is issued under a seal of the company. It is written for acknowledgement of money borrowed. It also specifies the terms the terms and conditions such as security offered, rate of interest and time repayment. There few types of debentures which are as following :- 1. Redeemable debentures and irredeemable debentures Redeemable debentures These are debentures which are repayable on a pre-arranged date or any time depending to their maturity provided the company wish and gives a notice to that effect. Irredeemable Debentures These irredeemable debentures are also called perpetual debentures. A company is not bounded to repay the amount during the period of time given. If the issuing company fails to pay the interest, it has to reclaim such debentures 2. Convertible Debentures and Non-convertible Debentures Convertible Debentures The holders of these convertible debentures are given the options to convert their convertible debentures into equity shares and ratios as decided by the company. Non-Convertible Debentures These non-convertible debentures cannot be converted into shares Mortgage Mortgage is a loan specifically for the purchase of a property. Usually businesses do not buy property through a mortgage. Mortgages are usually used as a security for a loan. This tend to happen with smaller businesses. Example, A sole trader running a florist shop might want to shift to a larger premise. They will find a shop with a price of $100,000. To give this sort of money, the bank will want to have some sort of security as a guarantee that if the borrower cannot pay back the money to the bank, the bank will be able to get back their money. The borrower can use their own property as a security for the loan, it is called taking out a second mortgage. If the business is not able to pay back the bank the loan then the bank has the right to take the house and sell it to recover their money. Using mortgage this way is a good way of rising finance for small businesses but it also carries a big risk. Advantages/ Disadvantages of Long-term finance Stability If we have a long term financing, that means we have a stability and no need to search for financing often compared to short term financing. This also means that it will be easier to project our cash flows and earnings as we will know our expenses every month. Short term financing does not offer these advantages, because we have to constantly renegotiate the terms of our agreement. Cost of Capital Having a long term financing gives us a better idea of the long term cost of capital. By this way we will have a better understanding on which projects are worth pursuing or not. IF we don’t have long term financing in place, our cost of capital may change all our negotiation of our terms. This will lead us to more confusion in figuring out what kind of profitability we are looking for in a project. Differences between short term and long-term finance Duration Most of the short-term financing occur over short period of one year, even though some of the sources can last up to three years or more. However long-term financing is like home mortgage which usually have a longer period of time up to 30 years. Interest Short-term financing is repaid over a short period of time, the interest cost to borrow the money will be smaller. However, long-term sources such as Bank loans which have high interest rate due to the amount of time taken to repay the capital. Types Short-term and long-term sources of financing differ in instrument type. Example of short-term sources includes leases, short-term commercial loans, account payable and bank overdraft coverage. However example of long-term sources includes retained earnings, finance leases, venture capitals and company shares Which one is more preferable to choose short term or long-term finance? Conclusion, it would be generally be better to choose short-term loan over a long term finance if the school Halls Creek High school budget allows it. This will increase the monthly payments as much as possible to take advantage of the lower interest rate. The combination of bigger the monthly payment and smaller interest rate will allow the school to have a bigger payment on the outstanding balance. This will help the school to pay less interest on the loan taken and end their mortgage sooner. . How to cite Short Term and Long Term Financing, Papers

Institution Affiliation Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Institution Affiliation for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Information Technology has effectively changed the phase of business worldwide. It has made companies and other small business organizations to thrive and maximize profit and efficiency. Supply chains needs to be monitored to ensure that the business does not incur unexpected loss. Companies and other organizations need embrace the new technological processes of offering services to the customers (Anderson, 1999). They also need to know how handle the customers since in every business, customer and the client are the focus. Several companies wholly included IT in their practices, which has been very fruitful. This paper gives detailed information of business organization by the name Classic Accessories and the importance of the IT in the businesses. Need of IT in Classic Accessories In this 21st generation, every business needs to have an IT system in its daily schemes. The following are the reasons as to why IT might be a necessity in any business. Security is one of the rising issues that prove the inevitability of IT in a business. With the increased intellects in the IT fields, there is the need to secure every data that the company or the organization owns. Hackers have their role in the society where they find any loophole in any business organization where the data can leak through. Whenever they find access to the data, they will jeopardize the company. A business idea might leak and it ends up being utilized by another organization. Any business organization needs to have adequate IT experts to curb such incidences of cybercrime. IT systems in business reduce manual labor force therefore maximizing the profit. Automated machines are very efficient and they might serve even better compared to human labor. A good example is the bank. The ATMs are proficient compared to the cashiers. They are not limited to time like the cashiers therefore, if any business needs to be good at its job, they need to lay plans of using IT knowledge in the whole organization (Frith, 2008) Importance of IT in Business Survival Classic accessories require to process data and information in time. Market intelligence and communications are also important for the company. All these can be done in time and excellently with the help of proper IT approaches. Following are the reasons why IT is weighty in the business. Assimilation of Investors IT plays this very vital role in the business fields. Stakeholders are kept in touch with any function happening in the business. There is high interconnectivity that is achieved with Websites and other clouds that a company might employ to convey their information. Analysts get significant information from the Internet that helps the business organization with other organizations. Merchandise Enhancement The spun of time that is required for the finished goods to reach to the final stage, that is the market can be reduced with the use of IT. Collection of market information is quite relevant since is one of the crucial processes that the production process depend on(Englander, 2000). This is done online and very fast, which makes this process simpler. Machines employed in the production process also make the whole process of product development smooth. Reduction of Production Cost Although initial installation process might be expensive, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. When IT is used effectively in a business, integral process like the customer services are improve. Customers might even order the products online and delivery is done. There is reduction of the transaction cost, which is felt when the company does not employ IT. Globalization With internet, it has been very easy to access any product from any part of the world. Businesses can use the websites that are marketing related to gather market information and to sell out their brands there. Price Evaluation Managers can use established platforms with IT to compare different prices of diverse goods. There is software that can be used to evaluate sales and other operation metrics that are carried out in that business organization. It is does not require a lot of compilation and perusing through many books but therefore it is cheaper. It does not require a lot of time. Events of the day can be analyzed within few minutes with the use of this IT based software. IT Requirements in business A business organization must be ready to incur cost to mount the see IT software used in various market processes. Machines needs to be bought, installation and designing the websites will require some cash. IT experts are also required since nonprofessional cannot operate these machines. Planning is also required. All these processes require calculated tactics. The positions of these machines and the location are schemed. They should be in the right place where they are required i.e. offices. Business organizations should link up with the best service provider like the cloud designers. Cloud is vital since the clients contact the organizations through the established cloud. It is through the cloud that SLA(Service Level Agreement) that the company will interact with the customers. Training the employees how to handle and use the software that are IT based is an inclusive process of the whole plan. The employees need to be taught how to keep the information confidential and avoid cases where there is data leakage to irrelevant persons. Skilled personnel are required with satisfactory IT knowledge to ensure the company or the organization flourishes. How Classic Accessories Business Uses IT Classic accessories have embraced the IT in its endeavors. There is a healthy interaction of the customers in diverse platforms, the social media and the websites that it has put up. Different products that are new in the market are advertised through the media (Aitken, 2000). Customers have the authority of ordering these products online and they pay on delivery. There are similar business entities that have embraced the same idea. They are stated as follows. It is used in several businesses all over the world. Health centers have incorporated IT system in their duties. Scanning is currently done using a modernized technology (Computed Tomography) it is fast. Doctors use it to scan cancerous cells. Bone fractures are also evaluated using the same method. Gaming is the other field that has used the IT knowledge to carry out inventions. Animated pictures with the knowledge of IT have been used in the most popular gaming apps. The likes of cartoon network and other advertising engines use the information technology in the games and coming up with new game applications (Hein, 2013) Concurrently, the libraries have hired the Information Knowledge to make the access to the libraries material easy. The likes of periodicals, journals and referential materials are registered with particular application online. Any time a reader wants to use any book, he or she will key in the particulars of the book in a monitor computer and they will find the book easily. The airlines are not left behind in the application of the IT knowledge. The airplanes are monitored using the information system. The black box is in an airplane is the gadget that helps to trace the plane and observe its movement. This IT knowledge is also used in the entrance of these airports. Illegal armory is detected with these scans (Huber, 2001) The best example to give where Information Technology have been fully comprised. Airing the intended information to the public is done through the application of this IT. Digital waves are transmitted from the source to the consumer (Strimpel, 1997). The social media also uses the same knowledge. Facebook is the functional example. IT has the cloud that many people all over the world access information from. Impacts of IT on business. It might have a negative of a positive impact on a business. The following are the positive(advantages) and negative (disadvantages/failures) impacts of the IT on the business. Advantages of IT in Business Information Technology has been used in various companies. High revenue has been the direct outcome of the whole process. When the cost of production is observed, the profit will also be maximized on the other hand (Hemmington, 1997). Manual labor force reduced will equally lead to increase in the profit in the end. Globalization has been enhanced through the use of IT. The world at large has been made to a global village where you can access information about any part of the world with ease. Observing market forces can be done easily since the most companies post their products online (Steward, 2008) Information Technology goes hand in hand with cost reduction. Unwanted expenses are reduced i.e. employing people to market the products will be more expensive compared to the marketing done online. The last but not the least advantage of Information Technology is that it is used to safeguard the companys vital information. This information is secured using the passwords that are well set to avoid leakages of the data. Risks of IT to Businesses The main threat posed by IT to businesses is cyber-bullying. This has been an alarming menace to numerous businesses all over the world. Not all employs are cautious therefore, confidentiality of the information is compromised (Scott, 1984). If any information is disclosed to the wrong parties of the business, these parties can use the information to reduce the business to zero. They can also use the loophole to prejudice about the company (Stone, 1999). If the society gets the wrong information about a business, then the stakeholders will reduce their support to the organization involved in business. Monitoring and Maintaining IT in Business Business event in a company can be monitored with Remote Connectivity, where there is a PC that used to observe all the proceedings in the organizations. It is also important to employ qualified people to work with the organization (Rich, 2013) Conclusion In conclusion, IT has revolutionized business. There is a difference between an organization that does not use Information Technology in its dealings and the one that has fully encompassed IT. It is important for a company to use the new strategies that IT has introduces in the business fields. Bibliography Aitken, P. (2000) (Tips on Scanning) Available: https:// www.pgacon (Accessed: 2016 May 28 ) Anderson, D (1999), (The PC Technology Guide), Available: https://www.pctechnologyguide.com (Accessed: 2016 May 28 ) Englander, I. (2000), The Architecture of Computer Hardware and System Software. New York Grotta, D., Wiener, S. (1998) Whats now, Whats next (PC Magazine) Available: https://www.cdnet.com (Accessed: 2016 May 28 ) John Steward, (2008), (Why Business Need IT Support). Riplet.com (Accessed: 2016 May 28 ) Keith Frith,( 2008), (Business Technology and Customer Support): Information Technology Fatolia.com (Accessed: 2016 May 28 ) Bass, P.Clements R.Kazman. (Software Architecture in Practice) Addison Wesley Nick Huber,( 2001), (Airlines Redefine IT role in The Business). O.B.R. Strimpel, (1997) (Computer Graphics) Mc Graw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Rich Hein, (2013), (Healthcare IT Roles).Available: https:// www.computerworld.com (Accessed: 2016 May 28) Stone, M.D. (1999), Speeds and feeds: How to choose a scanner (PC Maganizine) S.M. Hemmington, (1997) (Soft Science) Saakatoon. University of Saskatchewan. D. Scott (1984) (Information technology In Australia) W. D. Scott Co.

The Turn Of The Screw By Henry James (1843 - 1916) Essays - Fiction

The Turn of the Screw by Henry James (1843 - 1916) The Turn of the Screw by Henry James (1843 - 1916) Type of Work: Early psychological thriller Setting England; nineteenth century Principal Characters The "governess," an unnamed twenty- year-old woman Mrs. Grose, an older housekeeper Flora, an eight-year-old girl Miles, a ten-year-old boy Story Overveiw At Christmas time, a group of people in an old country home swapped ghost stories. One story tl)at particularly chilled tl-te group involved the visitation of a ghost to a young boy. When it was finished, a man in the group, Douglas, asked: "If the child gives the effect, another turn of the screw, what do you say to two children?" Weeks later, when Douglas was able to obtain the manuscript containing this second story, he read the narrative to his listeners, after prefacing it with a bit of background. The tale's author was a woman who had been his sister's governess, and Douglas was the only person to whom she had revealed her dreadful tale before her death ... On a pleasant June afternoon, a young lady of twenty, "the youngest of several daughters of a poor country parson," arrived in London to answer an advertisement for the position of governess. The advertiser was a bachelor who had been left guardian to his young nephew and niece. The uncle, a wealthy and charming gentleman, "beguiled" the young woman instantly The terms of her employment were quite simple: she was to take charge of the two children on his country estate of Bly in Essex, and to "never trouble him . . . neither appear nor complain nor write about anything." She would be replacing the former governess, a young lady who had died under curious circumstances. While the mystery surrounding the prior governess' death did cause the woman to Pause and consider, she nonetheless accepted the position and took the coach to Bly. The new governess soon met stout Mrs. Grose, the Bly mansion's head housekeeper, and little Flora, the bachelor's niece. The girl was a "vision of angelic beauty," and the governess looked forward to "teaching" and "forming" the child. Miles, the little boy, was due home in a few days for his school holiday, and according to Mrs. Grose, the governess would be equally "taken" with Miles. Both children seemed incapable of giving any trouble. However, before Miles arrived, the governess received two letters. The first was from her employer, instructing her to handle the details of the second letter, sent from the headmaster of Miles' school. This second letter in effect stated that Miles was dismissed from school, permanently. This news worried the governess, but Mrs. Grose, upon hearing the report, could not believe it, and urged her to wait until she met Miles before forming a judgement. A few days later Miles arrived, and the governess beheld his "positive fragrance of purity." In private she told Mrs. Grose that the headmaster's accusation was "grotesque." Together they decided not to bother Miles' uncle further about the matter. The governess enjoyed the summer days in the country. It was the first time in her life that she "had known space and air and freedom." Then, while strolling through the garden one day as the children napped, the governess allowed her imagination to wander. She imagined how charming it would be to meet a handsome young man around the turn of the path. Still deep in fantasy, she rounded the corner of the garden and it was as though her "imagination had, in a flash turned real." On one of the towers of the old mansion stood a figure; not the man she had been dreaming of, but a strange fellow who stared at her menacingly for a minute, then disappeared. The next Sunday evening as the governess entered the rain-shrouded dining room, she became aware of "a person on the other side of the window and looking straight in." It was the same man she had seen earlier, but at that instant she realized that "he had come for someone else." She rushed out of the house to the spot where he stood, but again he had vanished. She looked in through the window, as he had done, and there she saw Mrs. Grose, peering out just as she herself had stood a moment before. When the housekeeper asked for an explanation, the governess told her the whole story. As she described the elusive stranger, a flash of recognition crept into Mrs. Grose's face. The man the governess had seen, she said, was Peter Quint, their employer's former valet, who had died some time before. The governess felt that Quint's hovering presence boded

The Difference Between will and shall

The Difference Between will and shall The Difference Between will and shall The Difference Between will and shall By Maeve Maddox Reader Eric wonders about the uses of will and shall. When do you use will and shall? I know that [they] mean the same thing, but I would like to know when to use them in the correct grammatical sense. In modern English will and shall are helping verbs. They are used with other verbs, but lack conjugations of their own. Both are signs of the future tense. The old Walsh English Handbook that I used in high school gives this rule for forming the future: Use shall in the first person and will in the second and third persons for the simple future tense: I shall sing this afternoon. You will succeed. He will stay at home. My observations suggest that shall is rarely used by American speakers. The two words existed as separate verbs in Old English, the form of English spoken from 450-1150 C.E. The verb willan meant wish, be willing, be about to. The verb sculan (pronounced [shu-lan], had the meanings be obliged to, have to, must, be destined to, be supposed to. In modern usage traces of the old meanings persist for speakers who use both forms. Will can imply volition or intention, while shall can imply necessity: I will scale Mount Everest. (and no one can stop me!) You shall take the garbage out before you do anything else. (You have no choice, Junior!) A second element enters into the use of shall and will. As a matter of courtesy, a difference exists according to whether the verb is used with a first or second person subject. Which to use depends upon the relationship between speakers. Parents, teachers, employers, and staff sergeants are within their rights to tell someone You shall complete this assignment by 9 p.m. Such a construction offers no alternative. It is the same as saying You must complete this assignment. In speaking to an equal, however, the choice is left up to the other person: I shall drive to Tulsa today. You will follow on Tuesday. (Its still up to you.) Heres a frequently quoted joke that illustrates the consequences of using shall and will incorrectly: A foreign tourist was swimming in an English lake. Taken by cramps, he began to sink. He called out for help: Attention! Attention! I will drown and no one shall save me! Many people were within earshot, but, being well-brought up Englishmen and women, they honored his wishes and permitted him to drown. All of which is the short answer to Erics question. For the long answer, take a look at Fowler (Modern English Usage) and the OED. By the way, the verb will in the sense of bequeath derives from the noun will in the sense of wish. A will expresses the wishes of the person who writes it. The verb will (bequeath) does possess a complete conjugation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?Careful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Verbal Communication (Communication) Research Paper

Verbal Communication (Communication) - Research Paper Example My friend got agitated by the description of my present status. He thought it was a deliberate attempt from my part to become a superior in front of him. Immediately, he started to tell more about his job at Dubai. He told me that he was getting around $ 20000 as salary alone per month in Dubai along with company vehicle of an E class Benz and a Porsche Villa near to a beach in Dubai. Even though he was an aluminium fabricator, he told me that he is working as an Estimation manager and only because of his efforts his company got projects worth millions of dollars on every week. I have double checked the information provided by him about his job, with another friend who is working at present in Dubai. He told me that the other fellow is still an aluminium fabricator working for $ 1000 per month as salary. In my opinion, my friend thought that I was deliberately trying to ridicule him by giving false data about my present status. Moreover the salary which I am getting at present in my home country was unimaginable and intolerable for him. The misinterpretation was not caused by any language barrier or another language issue. This misunderstanding has occurred merely out of the misinterpretation of my intentions by my

Discuss the view that men are the new victims of equality in Essay

Discuss the view that men are the new victims of equality in contemporary organisations - Essay Example While its authenticity remains to be tested and proved, available literature questions the latter view to a certain extent. A number of authors have delineated a series of arguments and propositions to support the latter opinion and such arguments have been gathering momentum over the years due to a variety of reasons. Connotations and denotations associated with the concept of gender equality or/and its opposite gender bias, have increasingly been becoming complex and diverse. Culture-centric perspectives on the subject have been thrust to the fore as an independent analytical perception to understand an otherwise elusive multidimensional social problem. This approach has been augmented by ideological underpinnings of a still intricate nature that presumably envisage the elemental causative correlations among endogenous and exogenous variables to the total exclusion of societal relations. The evolving gender equality discourse has focused attention on related nuances and inevitably it has led to a persistent pattern of an a priori cognitive bias as well. This pattern has its own ideational constructs that ingenuously promote ironies such as the secondary effects of gender inequality. Thus men become victims willy-nilly of societal, cultural and ideological inhibitors. This antithesis has engulfed the business organization as the newest phenomenon that has serious implications for gender related issues irrespective of the organizational outcomes. Any gender related study of a serious nature produces its own contradictions because its topicality and contemporary appeal have persuaded men to adopt a defensive posture – a sadistic strategy of self-effacement. This is stoically borne out by their willingness to subject themselves to a self-scrutiny that warrants little or no empathy. Within the organizational context men have adopted a normative posture that suits them in as much the same way as women, the perceived original victims of gender bias, would

The Absence Of God Philosophy Essay

The Absence Of God Philosophy Essay The active man, the attacking, aggressive man is always a hundred times nearer to justice than the man who merely reacts; he certainly has no need to adopt the tactics, necessary in the case of the reacting man, of making false and biased valuations of his object. It is, in point of fact, for this reason that the aggressive man has at all times enjoyed the stronger, bolder, more aristocratic, and also freer outlook, the better conscience.  [2]   This is not inauthentic action on the behalf or at the behest of another or greater cause since in this case, there is not a cause more suitable or apt than the will to act and the total responsibility for this willed action. This will and action, intertwined at the route and thus parallel, is ultimately aware, purposeful, acute and a forthright extension of the individual self. Hence the individual subsists by operating freely, unperturbed by guilt but guided with conscience and behaving responsibly yet without morality. As a derivative from the previous sentences words responsibility without morality, it is plausible to advance a solution to the apparent issue of how it is that one may become if one is additionally destined to themselves and do this effortlessly. Deliberating such a dilemma one cannot resist thinking about the probability that within the exclusive academic quest for a Nietzschean truth  [3]  , a rational and substantiated comprehension of the route from slave to sovereign, the eccentricities of authorship have emerged as the over analysis of a subtle point. Auguste Comte may very well tell us that the eye cannot see itself  [4]  , yet the academic struggles to reductively departmentalise it in order to elaborate its complexities. In becoming what you are, the eye needs to feel rather than see itself. In other words, there does not need to be friction between the ideas of being destined to who you are and becoming what you are if there is a willingness to take full responsibi lity for their acts as if the two were literally inseparable. As previously stated, the weak i.e. the member of the herd has a relation to themselves strictly by means of contrast with the dominant or via a mediator e.g. God, the clergymen or the truths of science. In comparison the noble or the strong does not have the necessity to discover his strength or have it affirmed they quite simply express it as an embodiment. Hence the sovereign individual does retain their conscience yet he feels no guilt since there is no authority over and above him to ensure his stigma. He simply is by his actions. With a fair degree of confidence we can now say that alleged poison is pregnant with its own antidote, considering the two confusions recognised at the beginning of this chapter are in fact now means by which the answer is born. To overcome oneself is to recognise that the world revolves around you that the self is the epicentre of an existence and the root cause for all happenings involvin g that individual minus stigma and its various associations. Hence I am destined or doomed rather to what I am because I am responsible as a fact of free existence. 3) On Frederick Nietzsche, part 2: The intention herein is to provide clarification on some points concerning Nietzsches idea of perspectivism. Primarily, to illuminate what I believe is its unquestionable centrality to Nietzsches thinking and to do this by honing in on some different features of Nietzsches writing by means of a paragon of the coherence or to put it another way inseparability of even the most audacious of assertions from perspectivism. Secondarily, to reconcile perspectivism with what I consider is its genesis i.e. transcendental idealism. This secondary intention perhaps appears to be something of a contradiction in terms, however it has to be said that seeming contradictions are so prevalent in Schopenhauers and particularly Nietzsches manuscripts that coming across another in trying to elaborate can really only be viewed as wholly logical.  [5]  An instance of such an occasion is a subject that I divulged at some length in chapter two i.e. the misleadingly blatant problem of Nietzsches insisten ce that one has to become and moreover overcome yourself, in addition to maintaining a determinism that defines the unavoidable or inescapable personality of all individuals. Yet this, similar to a myriad of equally apparent contradictions, can be easily settled if the strict demands of logical laws: those of non-contradiction, were to be derestricted and the affirmation of psychology and the experiential permitted higher regard or more of an acceptance than is generally permitted. Thus, the demand to become need not necessarily conflict with the descriptions of personality if we concede that the acts one performs are not detachable from the will which is a harbinger of them, it is no further concession to state that action and the will are at base interweaved. Accordingly one overcomes themselves, accomplishes total responsibility and individuality without having to radically alter their personality. What is really demanded is an absolute acceptance of ones character as personal or inalienable from the individuals self-definition. This is the means by which we can realise responsibility in the absence of morality and individuality minus reference to the other. And it is by an agnate means of thought from the subjective, rather than towards the objective, that the apparent paradox of perspectivism derived from transcendental idealism may receive explanatory resolution. However, the imposition of formality still requires that we maintain some type of order, at the least to avoid communicative and receptive disorder, thus the prime concern is the explanation of the paramount importance of perpectivism to Nietzsches thought. Herein it is not my intention to provide my personal interpretation of perspectivism as the commitment herein is to keep as closely possible to the words and meaning of Nietzsche, in order to avert the threat of conflation or confoundedness in addition to ensuring that the journey from transcendental idealism to perspectivism that it is my intention to map, is clear from obtrusive and unnecessary obstruction. Taking this into consideration we shall use as exemplary examples of perspectivism the attendant two quotes: there are no facts only interpretations  [6]  and; truths are only illusions which we have forgotten are illusions.  [7]  Armed with these quotations as functioning definitions of the term perspectivism we can start to divulge the paramount centrality and importance to Nietzsches thought and propose, what I consider to be self-evident, i.e. the said term is not purely a necessary instrument to enable Nietzsches contradictory rife philosophical system to work exped iently and harmoniously, as portrayed at the start of this chapter. Rather that perspectivism is the bedrock or seed from which Nietzsches thought is planted in and grows. Perspectivism is the element that binds together Nietzsches collective claims and is the scope through which he sees things. Ultimately, in plain format, if we commit to the idea that there is no truth, as a consequence of which everything is vulnerable to query and subjective interpretation, thus nothing expressed is invalid. Actually, every expression holds validity purely due to the fact that it has been expressed. Or as we saw in chapter two Nietzsche puts it; The action is everything. That is the venting or in this particular case free expression, of will. At this stage one may be forgiven for assuming sufficient confidence as a derivative of this initial elaboration to taking a flight of fancy in the direction of an advancement of the inestimable and fundamental significance of perspectivism to reading Nietzsche and quite frankly there may be justification for this assumptive confidence. Yet for the benefit of certainty and precision I shall forward some further examples as reinforcements to the same effect. One such aspect and example of thinking heavily interlinked with the maxims of perspectivism is deconstruction of the unconditional truth. Which is a truth of the type previously mentioned: an expression of thought made and crafted by means of a march toward the objective, the most appropriate example of which may be observed in scientific/causal thought. Consider the following extract from Nietzsches On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense: And when it is all over with the human intellect, nothing will have happened. For this intellect has no additional mission which would lead it beyond human life. Rather, it is human, and only its possessor and begetter takes it so solemnly-as though the worlds axis turned within it. But if we could communicate with the gnat, we would learn that he likewise flies through the air with the same solemnity, that he feels the flying centre of the universe within himself. [. . .] And just as every porter wants to have an admirer, so even the proudest of men, the philosopher, supposes that he sees on all sides the eyes of the universe telescopically focused upon his action and thought.  [8]   Following such statements one is confronted with a sense of the bizarrely ridiculous nature of what is viewed as intellectual thought when it is self-dedicated or inwardly votive. A response such as this finds its decidedness in the acknowledgement of what has to be deemed the blind naivety of a form of thought which can solely learn in hindsight and then imposes its dominance over being by arrogantly claiming knowledge. Needless to say these are issues that are not alien to the philosopher who is aware of the limitation of their intellectual prowess evidenced by the age-old debates colloquiums books and papers surrounding epistemic matters that merely begin with the cogito  [9]  and constantly swell in their intricacy from there on. Perhaps we may wish to remind ourselves of the problems raised by David Hume as regards the elusive explanation of the necessary connexion within a causal chain from one event to the next or the Humean circle and the problem of inductive inference, t hat is the evolution of knowledge which appears to demand prediction without reference to previous events and the principle of the homogeneity of nature. It is vivid that what Nietzsche plans to play on are those precise epistemic issues and the absence of an effect they appear to have on people unconcerned with philosophy yet closely involved in the quest for the objective, unconditional truth. After all (as chapter twos quotation stipulated) it was Comte who wrote the eye cannot see itself. And if one is predisposed to propose the subjectivity of the conscious mind as indeed does Nietzsche, then the possibility is plausible that what I see is no more determinate than the eyes themselves with which I see it. In the words of Schopenhauer, The world is my representation. If the unconditional truth fails to stand to reason then the beliefs based upon this truth and institutions built on the laws that these truths connote are baseless. As Nietzsche claims: Convictions [beliefs] are pri sons for the mind.  [10]   If an one chooses to give Nietzsche the benefit of the doubt and take him at his above word on this matter then that they may be inspired to divest themselves of all prior held convictions, i.e. beliefs, truths and habits out of the worry that their individuality is otherwise at risk of staling. Those of us who do take this choice and task themselves to such a kartharsis will at some point discover themselves perspectivists. Hence one may claim that as the doubt and scepticism directed towards the unconditional truth increases, perspectivism provides the cure. Before we carry on our enquiry I would like to take the opportunity now to address what, for some, is a tough counter question to the assertion of perspectivism as a remedy to being chained by ones beliefs or assertions of truth. That question focuses on worry that what Nietzsche accomplishes in deconstructing objectivity is in fact not a complete triumph but rather a coup dà ©tat. In effect not the true synthesis of two polar ised positions but the disposing of one purely and simply replaced by another despotism of a different form yet similar content. This question succinctly phrased may have such an appearance; does Nietzsche reject the unconditional truth unconditionally and consequently fall into the pitfall of circularity and negation? Whilst including this criticism as one that warrants a response I do not feel that it one that requires too much focus. It is actually solely the wish to be thorough that invokes its acknowledgement, not the potency of critique in itself. In defence one may respond with the statement that perspectivism, by definition, is not and cannot be purely an unconditional truth redesigned to seem otherwise. An accusation of this type is only justifiable when the premise is not thoroughly enough investigated. Again by definition perspectivism requires that the subject make of it what they will and moreover, to make of truth what they will. Put differently, if facts are non-exist ent and interpretations on the other hand are existent then truths are the sole responsibility of the perceiver i.e. the subject in question. Hence what is coaxed is not an unconditional truth reconstituted rather the unashamed reconstruction of the way in which one views the world in front of them to such an extent that the centre of the universe is located soundly internally and therefore perceived from the self. In contrast objectivists demand episteme of the world from without, a method that amputates the variations innate to the subjectivity to portray a definite and linear display. Michel Foucault  [11]  identifies this latter mode of thinking within his elaboration of history and epistemology.  [12]   The project of a total history is one that seeks to reconstitute the overall form of a civilisation, the principle material or spiritual of a society, the significance common to all phenomena of a period, the law that accounts for their cohesion what is called metaphorically the face of a period. Such a project is linked to two or three hypothesis; it is supposed that between all the events of a well-defined spatio-temporal area, between all the phenomena of which traces have been found, it must be possible to establish a system of homogeneous relations: a network of causality that makes it possible to derive each of them, relations of analogy that show how they symbolise one another, or how they all express one and the same central core; it is also supposed that one and the same form of historicity operates upon economic structures, social institutions and customs, the inertia of mental attitudes, technological practice, political behaviour, and subjects them all to the same type of transformation; lastly, it is supposed that history itself may be articulated into greater units stages or phases which contain within themselves their own principle of cohesion.  [13]   This historical outlook, a total history, is one example of the analytical methodology of the objectivist an example that nietzcshe and his perspectivism tries to counter. Instead of striving to define what one becomes aware of through perception by a single, unconditional method thereby enveloping everything in a specific apperceiving concept (ironically comprehended solely by the perceiver), perspectivism attempts to embrace and inspire the importance of the subject to their outlook of the world. Hence it can be seen as an attempt at the reunification of the eye with the image, the cause and effect and according to Nietzsche, the lightening with the thunder. It seems that it is strictly in keeping with this aspiration for reunification or reconciliation that I proceed to clarify the cementation of perspectivism and transcendental idealism. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, despite the appearance of polarity between the two theories, actually it is ultimately a matter of non-con tradiction to relate them. Before commencing this latter phase of reconciliation it is obligatory of any such bid to intrinsically break down the premises of transcendental idealism. Transcendental idealism can be described as that something between the Kantian noumina and nomina; and has been defined as the distinction between the phenomenon and the thing itself, this latter definition is in sync with the most notable of exponents of transcendental idealism: Schopenhauer. Continuing by way of defining this intrinsic clarification; that there is a true, a real or as Schopenhauer termed it the will,  [14]  i.e. the unity that is objectified in the multiplicity of the phenomenal world. In a simplistic sense, the stance implies that although there is a truth and unity this truth and unity is outside the limits of human consciousness because of the subjective nature of said consciousness. Hence to be a transcendental idealist one could discover themselves ready to concede the notion in the aforementioned quota tion that there are no facts, only interpretations on the condition that the there is a reconfiguration an altering addition is requisite one which affirms that statement as strictly applicable to the individual. Put in contemporary words that such a notion may be a justified belief but it is not true by any means. For infantile eagerness, the above definition of transcendental idealism makes for conditions that make it all too easy to construct a bridge with perspectivism. This is accomplished by concentrating (too much) on the contrast between the idea of subjectivity in perception and Immanuel Kants demand it is not possible for the conscious mind to ever know the thing itself or at least to escape from the subjectivity of consciousness which is the imaginary and unassailable mountain in front of truth.  [15]  This may be viewed as a bid to illuminate the suggestion that if we cannot escape our subjectivity then we are without choice but to accept it hence Nietzsches perspect ivism changes into merely being expressive of frustrated acceptance formed from the absence of an alternative. That Nietzsches fundamental assertion is saturated in the thought that if there is nothing one can do to change their circumstances then the sole remaining option (if one can call it that) is acceptance. In this fashion the cursory reader of Nietzsche would try to minimise the distance between the pair if not paint even more infantile parallels. In the majority of instances the quickest route is often the least memorable. Because when all is said and done a by-product of the acquisition of speed can be all too pessimistically the forfeiture of diligence. It is self-evident that Nietzsche retains little room and less time for truth however this is not because of an unwilling acknowledgement of its irrelevance in relation to the individual. More than anything, perspectivism can be seen as the defining stance of the absolute lack of truth. Essentially, what is yearned for is not the minimising of the proximity from transcendental idealism to perspectivism to such an extent that the two are inseparable but the explicit elaboration of the route from transcendental idealism to perspectivism. The ontology of this is that in a sense one laboriously bears the other, not that the two are the same.  [16]  My assertion is that this is accomplished in the following fashion. if we acknowledge, as the indeed we have been at pains to point out that the transcendental idealist in fact does, that the subjectivity of the mind is the chief obstruction to episteme of truth then what epistemic instrument may we depend on to claim the existence of an u nconditional truth in any event? After all transcendental idealists take the stance of objectivity as a result of their demand for certainty as evidence for the announcement of knowledge but what can be certain about a truth that the very nature of our condition does not allow knowledge of? It seems as though the transcendental idealist is hunting a gieste that they the transcendental idealists themselves must constantly reconfirm the existence of. Hence Nietzsches perspectivism tries to annihilate these contradictions and finds respite in the affirmation of the only thing that can be known, i.e. the knower. Once again [. . .] we are unknown to ourselves we knowers. It is established on that foundation of introspective knowledge or knowledge from the subjective, that we can then start to fathom a comprehension of being or existence and herald the dominance over it that the objectivist is so eager to assert. As was my original purpose, we can now claim confidently that the reconcilia tion of transcendental idealism and perspectivism has been accomplished and that even though perspectivism is distinct, it cannot be comprehended in the absence of transcendental idealism. Referring to Nietzsches The Genealogy of Morality, Arthur Danto claimed that Nietzsche was less of a philosopher and more of a terrorist attacking us,  [17]  if this is so, then his fundamentalism, his extremism is that of transcendental idealism forwarded to its logical ramifications.

Global Cooperation Essay

There is a Chinese proverb that says, â€Å"One chopstick is easily broken, but ten pillars chopsticks firmly hold dough.† This reveals a simple rule that unity is much stronger than individuals, and if you do not want to be beaten, you should unite and cooperate against enemies together. This proverb can also be used internationally. Global cooperation is important to maintain economy, and improve safety, peace and the environment. Different countries’ economies are linked together, and influence one another in many ways. Hence, in the globalized economies people always worry more about the economic growth and crisis. Trade is the activity of exchanging goods and services. There are many trades, for example, to exchange fish for beef or to pay a taxi for its driving. One of the economic principles is that trade makes everyone better off. International trade is essential in these days because each country cannot provide the product it needs to serve the whole society, or it will cost more opportunity cost such as time and money in some productions. In this case, global trade is required. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2013 annual exports valued $18,784,000 million in total merchandise, and valued $4,623,710 million in commercial services (2014). These massive amounts of numbers show the significant value of international trade in the world. China is the largest exporter, and had valued $2,209,626.0 million, which is 11.7 percent of total world merchandises trade in 2013. Also, it had become the world second large economy according to WTO Database. However, it was only exporting $5,790 million goods and 1.0 percent of total world trade in 1973 (WTO, 2014). China has an unbelievable growth, and the biggest reason is that China started to switch the closed economy into more tradable market economy and trade much freely with other countries since 1978 (Chinese economic reform). The international trade provides more job opportunities, attracts investments and brings advanced technology, and these are the basic elements  in order to gain economic growth. Unfortunately, the drawback of collapsing a big international bank Lehman Brothers is unimaginable – crash the global financial system, credit crunch, and economic regression. Because of the Asian Crisis in 1997, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) had been more careful against crises such as no risky loans and strengthened nations cooperation. China decided to set up a $ 10 billion total fund in order to support China-ASEAN work and offer $39.7 million aid to help Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar in financial troubles (Yan, W. 2009). International cooperation is needed for people’s safety such as natural disasters. Disasters are extremely powerful and destroy millions of lives. According to America, the Indonesia tsunami, which is caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in the sea near Banda Aceh in 2004 had killed over 150 hundred of people and created millions of homeless among Southern Asia countries and Africa. However, the number was continuously increasing due to injury and disease. Governments provided about $2 billion to support those countries in the disaster. This was a global cooperation – many organizations such as Catholic Relief Services, the Red Cross, Oxfam, Caritas and Doctors Without Borders helped to save lives from diseases and water pollution. Because the transportations are damaged the supplies were delivered by helicopters and ships, which were supported by United State Military. Meanwhile, individuals’ donations around the world were greater than the governments’ total amounts, and these would be used in future recovery (2005). These international saving was successful and helped for countless people. Peace is a big issue for people because there are still numerous shouting and wars going on. In addition, the most thing that cause these dangerous issues are weapons. Weapons are made to protect people, however, they have become more and more powerful especially the nuclear weapons. The total nuclear weapons in the world are enough to destroy the earth! Also the negative effect of nuclear bombs not only it can destroy a city immediately but also spread the radiation, which has decades, even different generation influences after exposure. Since 1945, the statistics show that the total war and violent has diminished. However, this kind of weapon is still being produced in many nations. Safety of citizens is questing because of threats of terrorisms. They can buy or make nuclear weapons and expose â€Å"dirty bombs† (Lifton, R. 2013). In this case, terrorists  should be stopped; people should be protected and no nuclear weapons’ threat. Non-nuclear weapons are very important and hard to achieve. In addition, it needs global cooperation – every government does their duty to increase the world level of peace. Most importantly, the global environment affects all lives on the earth, and countries should avoid ruining it. First is the global warming issue, it is a big issue that is caused by human activities and has the additional effect of climate change. In 2009, United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen had failed to make a worldwide agreement about emissions reduction (Nordhaus, D. 2011). This is because the disagreement about the distribution of reducing greenhouse gases and its costs. The decrease in temperature is essential because it would affect everyone on the earth. Nevertheless, without governments’ cooperation this goal cannot be achieved efficiently because different places and regions have different situations and meet variable difficulties. For example, if the cost for imposing a high carbon dioxide emissions tax will generate the decline of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the influence of economy may even promotes a financial crisis, a government will not choose to do that. Also, when a country with smaller population but higher per person green house gas emission but another nation which has the opposite situation, their will be conflict when ask them to produce the same amount of emission. These are complicated and hard to negotiate an agreement. However, as the future cost for climate change is too high – decrease in general’s life span and quality, international cooperation cannot stop and require to be done more successfully. Besides, climate change also affects other organisms such as animals and plants. Human activities such as travelling may cause many animals and plants in danger. Decrease in animals and plants will damage the ecological chain even influence the whole planet. To protect those animals and plants, the Washington Conversation has established in1975, July 1st and called the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and it goal is to ensure the safety of wild species not dangerous because of international trade (CITES). Because the trade is worldwide and every country will affect neighboring countries, CITES needs to make sure every country does their work to stop threat other species in other countries. In general, many things include economy, human lives and other species are interacting with  each individual and country. They will promote different but widespread effects. Because of these facts it needs global cooperation to enhance the quality and safety in these fields. Governments should keep improving international action in order to provide a better world for all of lives. References Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Crash course. (2013, Sep 7). The Economist. International trade and market access data. (2014). World Trade Organization (WTO). Lifton, R. (2013). The dimensions of contemporary war and violence: How to reclaim humanity from a continuing revolution in the technology of killing. Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, 69(4), 9-17. Nordhaus, D. (2011). The architecture of climate economics: Designing a global agreement on global warming. Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, 67(1), 9-18. Tsunami. (2005). America. Yan, W. (2009, April 23). Crisis-Driven cooperation. Beijing Review.

Resource Management Act Essay

Relevant books and articles discussing tyre performance, tyre maintenance, social responsibility, marketing and the environment were analyzed. Different opinions of writers have also been examined to fully understand the subject of the study. Sources from the Internet have also been visited in order to take a look at forums and online databases that may include materials relevant to the topic at hand. These web pages would include official web pages of concerned agencies and offices in New Zealand. The relevant statutes and laws in New Zealand were also looked upon in determining the legal issues that may be touched by the implementation of the proposed subject. These laws would include the Treaty of Waitangi, Resource Management Act of 1991, the Bill of Rights 1993 and the Employment Relations Act 2000 as such. A survey was also conducted in order to appraise the possible reaction of consumers and to further evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project. The survey was also deemed necessary in order to discover how much the public knows about tyre maintenance and what additional information should be included and highlighted by the tyre shop in the program. Survey questionnaires were randomly distributed to a number of participants in the furtherance of the study. The participants were selected among friends, lectures, staffs and general publics. Fifty-three responds were received out of sixty-five distribution. Two versions of the survey were distributed; the paper and the electronic version. The electronic version was distributed via emails, and the paper version was handed out. Charts 1 and 2 illustrate the number and percentages of respondents and versions distributed, respectively. The questionnaires and the overall results are attached in Appendix D and the result will be further elaborated in the Findings in the next section. Questionnaires were selected as the data collection method for this study because it is convenient to disseminate, time-effective for respondents to fill out and provided anonymity. Questions could be answered in less than ten minutes and respondents could be honest and open with the tyre maintenance questions. Chart 1 Illustrate the Percentages of Distribution and Responds of the Questionnaire Most questions were geared toward measuring how a tyre awareness program must be designed to effectively meet the car owner’s requirements. This provides the best possible information for program design based on the descriptive data. Questionnaires involve individual questions such as identification and background characteristics (Morris, 2004). The questionnaire was created as a short form of information gathering about the awareness of vehicle owners regarding tyre maintenance and their frequency of tyre maintenance. The Participants Information Sheet informed the respondents of a brief background of the research and assurance of their confidentiality. It presented to the respondents the importance of providing a balance between business and social responsibility through the facilitation, education and information given for the customers and the general public. It also presented the objective of implementing a tyre maintenance awareness program. Respondents were chosen according to the important qualification of being vehicle owners. The respondents needed to own a vehicle because they were the ones who were targeted to benefit from the tyre maintenance awareness program. However, since the survey was randomly distributed therefore there were no way of knowing in the first place whether they are car owners, thus the result includes the responds from non-car owners. Out of 53 respondents three were non-car owner but does frequently drive a car. Respondents were also asked basic nominal information such as their age and gender. The questionnaire for this study focused on the respondents’ awareness of tyre maintenance and their potential acceptance of a tyre maintenance awareness program. The purpose of the questions revolved around planning to introduce this program under the impetus of social responsibility. The data collection method deliberately asked whether respondents were car owners to selectively target those who held the responsibility of maintaining their vehicles. The questions involved the frequency of tyre maintenance practiced by the respondents. Car owner manual use distance traveled rather than periods of time to calculate the frequency. However, the questionnaire uses period of time which better reflects real world car owner experience. This was attributed to the convenience this type of monitoring would bring for the public, as it is assumed easier to remember dates than distance traveled. Investigating the awareness of tyre maintenance included whether the respondents had looked into the owner’s manual of their vehicle. Important information about tyre maintenance is located in the manual and it is important to check if the respondents’ awareness was related to their familiarity with the owner’s manual. Also, asking this question reveals if manuals, if in fact read, provide sufficient information for proper tyre maintenance. The questionnaire also considered the practical question of the convenience of maintenance awareness programs. It considers whether customers would prefer such a program while they were waiting for their tyre service to be done. However, this approach tends to only target people who regularly had their tyres maintained. This question gauges how much time car owners were willing to spend in attending tyre awareness programs. The questionnaire also explores the awareness of car owners regarding their tyres’ life expectancy and measures owner awareness of their tyres. Such questions prompt owners to consider the necessity for a tyre maintenance program. Visits to tyre shops and garages were also conducted (how chosen and how many? ) in order to know if the proposed program can ac in order to know if the proposed program can actually be implemented. The current status of tyre shops were also observed and where appropriate and ethical questions were also asked, in order to determine if currently, these shops are actually imparting information to their customers as regards to tyre maintenance and the important advantages of regularly maintaining their tyres. The shops or garages visited were also randomly chosen, specifically those around the Auckland Central due their locations as the centre of the research, hence to the convenient and due to the availability of variety of sizes, that is this area have small garages and larger garages. A total of 13 tyre shops and garages were visited. Also during oversea visit due to available opportunity visits were also conducted to some garages to observe the set up and available services. The Industry visits (Observation) and the overall findings are attached in Appendix E and the result will be further elaborated in the Findings in the next section. Lastly, visits were also made as regards enterprises engaged in the sale of goods of services that will be needed by the tyre shop in the marketing and implementation of the program in order to take note of prevailing market rates, and ultimately, in computing the estimated cost that would have to be shouldered by the tyre shop in the course of the marketing and implementation of the program.

Discrimination in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay example

In the literary work Of Mice and Men, the reader is introduced to the ranch as a world of its own, within which prejudice plays a significant part. The characters in this novel act as a community in a world of their own, having no connections to any other type of society. A strong point, enforced through many examples in the book, is the constant ability of the stronger to overcome the weaker. The prejudices of the majority towards the minority, at the ranch are the white-males, who retain power over the lesser groups of people. This inequality, as well as the influence of the time period, causes discrimination against people of color, women, and those that are disabled, either mentally or physically. The crippled, African†¦show more content†¦As Candy, the housekeeper mentions to George, ?Well, I think Curley?s married?a tart.? (p. 14) What the men do not know is that Curley?s wife is just incredibly lonely, once having dreamt to be a star, and marrying Curley after the fai lure of that dream. She is all alone in the secluded world of the ranch. Having a husband who pays no attention to her, she tries to find someone to talk to among the men in the ranch, dressing provocatively for that reason only. Unfortunately, the combination of misunderstanding and their knowledge of only one type of women ? the kind they encounter at ?cat-houses? ? drives the men away from Curley?s wife. The final type of discrimination shown in the novel is discrimination against the physically and mentally disabled, in this case, Candy, Lennie, and once again Crooks. Because of disabilities, they are the weakness on which the stronger majority of the other men prey upon. Candy, the one handed housekeeper, is only allowed to live at the ranch as a compensation, because the loss of his hand occurred there. He gives the men power over him by being overly careful in what he does and says, because if he gets thrown out from the ranch, no one would take him. And just for that reason, he is drawn into George and Lennie?s dream of owning a farm. He wants the security of knowing that he has somewhere to stay for the rest of his life, and that he will not be discardedShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men899 Words   |  4 Pagesto kill a friend, and bury all chances of breaking free from the life of an average migrant worker? How would anybody feel? These situations in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men illustrates two key points throughout the story; discrimination and loneliness. In Of Mice and Men, Crooks, the black stable hand, is the definition of racial discrimination. He is isolated from the community of white migrant workers because of his racial status. 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